Zhou Xiaoying, Schoenung Julie M
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
J Environ Manage. 2007 Apr;83(1):1-24. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.01.006. Epub 2006 May 22.
Computer display technology is currently in a state of transition, as the traditional technology of cathode ray tubes is being replaced by liquid crystal display flat-panel technology. Technology substitution and process innovation require the evaluation of the trade-offs among environmental impact, cost, and engineering performance attributes. General impact assessment methodologies, decision analysis and management tools, and optimization methods commonly used in engineering cannot efficiently address the issues needed for such evaluation. The conventional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) process often generates results that can be subject to multiple interpretations, although the advantages of the LCA concept and framework obtain wide recognition. In the present work, the LCA concept is integrated with Quality Function Deployment (QFD), a popular industrial quality management tool, which is used as the framework for the development of our integrated model. The problem of weighting is addressed by using pairwise comparison of stakeholder preferences. Thus, this paper presents a new integrated analytical approach, Integrated Industrial Ecology Function Deployment (I2-EFD), to assess the environmental behavior of alternative technologies in correlation with their performance and economic characteristics. Computer display technology is used as the case study to further develop our methodology through the modification and integration of various quality management tools (e.g., process mapping, prioritization matrix) and statistical methods (e.g., multi-attribute analysis, cluster analysis). Life cycle thinking provides the foundation for our methodology, as we utilize a published LCA report, which stopped at the characterization step, as our starting point. Further, we evaluate the validity and feasibility of our methodology by considering uncertainty and conducting sensitivity analysis.
计算机显示技术目前正处于转型阶段，因为传统的阴极射线管技术正被液晶显示平板技术所取代。技术替代和工艺创新需要对环境影响、成本和工程性能属性之间的权衡进行评估。一般的影响评估方法、决策分析和管理工具以及工程中常用的优化方法无法有效解决此类评估所需的问题。传统的生命周期评估（LCA）过程往往会产生可能有多种解释的结果，尽管LCA概念和框架的优点得到了广泛认可。在本研究中，LCA概念与质量功能展开（QFD）相结合，QFD是一种流行的工业质量管理工具，用作开发我们的集成模型的框架。通过对利益相关者偏好进行成对比较来解决加权问题。因此，本文提出了一种新的综合分析方法，即集成工业生态功能展开（I2-EFD），以评估替代技术与其性能和经济特征相关的环境行为。以计算机显示技术为例，通过修改和集成各种质量管理工具（如过程映射、优先级矩阵）和统计方法（如多属性分析、聚类分析）来进一步发展我们的方法。生命周期思维为我们的方法提供了基础，因为我们利用一份已发表的LCA报告作为起点，该报告在特征化步骤就停止了。此外，我们通过考虑不确定性并进行敏感性分析来评估我们方法的有效性和可行性。
