Dykens Elisabeth M
Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA.
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2006 Apr;76(2):185-93. doi: 10.1037/0002-9432.76.2.185.
Researchers and practitioners alike have long focused on the external life conditions, adaptive behavior, and inclusion of persons with mental retardation. Using breakthroughs in positive psychology, this article proposes a new research agenda focused on the positive, internal states of those with mental retardation. It shows how major movements in the mental retardation field--quality of life, dual diagnosis, personality motivation, and families--have succeeded in some arenas but failed to address happiness and well-being. Examples of happiness--of positive emotions, flow, strengths, and virtues--are offered in people with genetic causes of mental retardation. Complexities related to etiology, measurement, flow, and a meaningful life are described, as is the vital role that mental retardation can play in the emerging science of positive psychology.
长期以来，研究人员和从业者都专注于智力障碍者的外部生活条件、适应性行为以及融入社会的情况。本文利用积极心理学的突破，提出了一个新的研究议程，重点关注智力障碍者的积极内在状态。文章展示了智力障碍领域的一些主要进展——生活质量、双重诊断、人格动机和家庭——在某些方面取得了成功，但未能解决幸福和福祉问题。文中给出了由基因导致智力障碍的人群中幸福的例子——积极情绪、心流、优势和美德。还描述了与病因、测量、心流和有意义的生活相关的复杂性，以及智力障碍在新兴的积极心理学科学中可以发挥的重要作用。
