Compher Charlene, Frankenfield David, Keim Nancy, Roth-Yousey Lori
Penn Nursing and Hospital of University of Pennsylvania Clinical Nutrition Support Service, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2006 Jun;106(6):881-903. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2006.02.009.
Several factors may alter apparent resting metabolic rate (RMR) during measurement with indirect calorimetry. Likewise, numerous indirect calorimetry measurement protocols have been developed over the years, and the methodology employed could influence test results. As part of a larger project to determine the role of indirect calorimetry in clinical practice, a systematic review of the literature was undertaken to determine the ideal subject condition and test methodology for obtaining reliable measurement of RMR with indirect calorimetry. Food, ethanol, caffeine, and nicotine affect RMR for a variable number of hours after consumption; therefore, intake of these items must be controlled before measurement. Activities of daily living increase metabolic rate, but a short rest (< or =20 minutes) before testing is sufficient for the effect to dissipate. Moderate or vigorous physical activity has a longer carryover effect and therefore must be controlled in the hours before a measurement of RMR is attempted. Limited data were found regarding ideal ambient conditions for RMR testing. Measurement duration of 10 minutes with the first 5 minutes deleted and the remaining 5 minutes having a coefficient of variation <10% gave accurate readings of RMR. Individuals preparing for RMR measurement via indirect calorimetry should refrain from eating, consuming ethanol and nicotine, smoking, and engaging in physical activity for varying times before measurement. The test site should be physically comfortable and the individual should have 10 to 20 minutes to rest before measurement commences. A 10-minute test duration with the first 5 minutes discarded and the remaining 5 minutes having a coefficient of variation of <10% will give an accurate measure of RMR.
在使用间接测热法进行测量时，有几个因素可能会改变表观静息代谢率（RMR）。同样，多年来已经开发了许多间接测热法测量方案，所采用的方法可能会影响测试结果。作为确定间接测热法在临床实践中作用的一个更大项目的一部分，我们对文献进行了系统综述，以确定使用间接测热法获得可靠的RMR测量值的理想受试者条件和测试方法。食物、乙醇、咖啡因和尼古丁在摄入后会在不同时长内影响RMR；因此，在测量前必须控制这些物质的摄入。日常生活活动会增加代谢率，但在测试前短暂休息（≤20分钟）足以使这种影响消散。中度或剧烈的体力活动具有更长的持续影响，因此在尝试测量RMR之前的数小时内必须加以控制。关于RMR测试的理想环境条件，我们发现的数据有限。测量持续时间为10分钟，删除前5分钟，其余5分钟变异系数<10%，这样能给出准确的RMR读数。准备通过间接测热法测量RMR的个体在测量前的不同时间段内应避免进食、摄入乙醇和尼古丁、吸烟以及进行体力活动。测试地点应让人感觉舒适，并且个体在测量开始前应有10至20分钟的休息时间。测量持续时间为10分钟，舍弃前5分钟，其余5分钟变异系数<10%，这样将能准确测量RMR。
