Gottfried Jay A
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Chicago, Ill., USA.
Adv Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;63:44-69. doi: 10.1159/000093750.
This chapter focuses on central olfactory processing in the human brain. As the psychophysiology of human olfactory function is important for appreciating its underlying neurophysiology, the chapter will begin with a brief overview of what the human nose can do, contesting notions that human olfaction is a second-rate system. It will be followed by an anatomical survey of the principal recipients of olfactory bulb input, with some comments on the unique organizing properties that distinguish olfaction from other sensory modalities. The final section will cover the neural correlates of human olfactory function, including aspects of basic chemosensory processing (odor detection, sniffing, intensity, valence) and higher-order olfactory operations (learning, memory, crossmodal integration), with particular emphasis on functional imaging data, though human lesion studies and intracranial recordings will also be discussed.
本章聚焦于人类大脑中的中枢嗅觉处理。由于人类嗅觉功能的心理生理学对于理解其潜在的神经生理学很重要，本章将首先简要概述人类鼻子能做什么，反驳人类嗅觉是二流系统的观点。接下来将对嗅球输入的主要接收者进行解剖学概述，并对区分嗅觉与其他感觉模式的独特组织特性进行一些评论。最后一部分将涵盖人类嗅觉功能的神经关联，包括基本化学感觉处理（气味检测、嗅吸、强度、效价）和高阶嗅觉操作（学习、记忆、跨模态整合）的各个方面，特别强调功能成像数据，不过也会讨论人类损伤研究和颅内记录。
