Ljubisavljevic Milos
Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Medical Research, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
Exp Brain Res. 2006 Aug;173(2):215-22. doi: 10.1007/s00221-006-0538-z. Epub 2006 May 30.
It has been well established that repetitive motor performance and skill learning alter the functional organization of human corticomotoneuronal system. Over the past decade, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has helped to demonstrate motor practice and learning-related changes in corticomotoneuronal excitability and representational plasticity. It has also provided some insights into the mechanisms underlying such plasticity. TMS-derived indices show that motor practice, skill acquisition and learning are associated with an increase in cortical excitability and a modulation of intracortical inhibition partly related to the amount of GABA-related inhibition. It has been suggested that these changes in excitability might be related to learning and motor memory formation in the motor cortex. However, it has proved difficult to relate different aspects of TMS-derived representational plasticity with specific behavioral outcomes. A better understanding of the relationship between TMS measurements of practice-related cortical plasticity and underlying mechanisms, in the context of associated changes in behavior, will facilitate the development of techniques and protocols that will allow predictable modulation of cortical plasticity in health and disease.
重复性运动表现和技能学习会改变人类皮质运动神经元系统的功能组织，这一点已经得到充分证实。在过去十年中，经颅磁刺激（TMS）有助于证明运动练习和学习相关的皮质运动神经元兴奋性变化以及表征可塑性。它还为这种可塑性的潜在机制提供了一些见解。TMS衍生指标表明，运动练习、技能习得和学习与皮质兴奋性增加以及皮质内抑制的调节有关，这部分与GABA相关抑制的量有关。有人认为，这些兴奋性变化可能与运动皮层中的学习和运动记忆形成有关。然而，事实证明，将TMS衍生的表征可塑性的不同方面与特定行为结果联系起来很困难。在行为相关变化的背景下，更好地理解与练习相关的皮质可塑性的TMS测量与潜在机制之间的关系，将有助于开发能够在健康和疾病状态下对皮质可塑性进行可预测调节的技术和方案。
