Schulz Amy J, Gravlee Clarence C, Williams David R, Israel Barbara A, Mentz Graciela, Rowe Zachary
Department of Health Behavior and Health Education at the University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2006 Jul;96(7):1265-70. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2005.064543. Epub 2006 May 30.
Our understanding of the relationships between perceived discrimination and health was limited by the cross-sectional design of most previous studies. We examined the longitudinal association of self-reported everyday discrimination with depressive symptoms and self-rated general health.
Data came from 2 waves (1996 and 2001) of the Eastside Village Health Worker Partnership survey, a community-based participatory survey of African American women living on Detroit's east side (n=343). We use longitudinal models to test the hypothesis that a change in everyday discrimination over time is associated with a change in self-reported symptoms of depression (positive) and on self-reported general health status (negative).
We found that a change over time in discrimination was significantly associated with a change over time in depressive symptoms (positive) (b=0.125; P<.001) and self-rated general health (negative) (b=-0.163; P<.05) independent of age, education, or income.
The results reported here are consistent with the hypothesis that everyday encounters with discrimination are causally associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes. In this sample of African American women, this association holds above and beyond the effects of income and education.
以往大多数研究采用横断面设计，这限制了我们对感知到的歧视与健康之间关系的理解。我们研究了自我报告的日常歧视与抑郁症状及自我评定的总体健康状况之间的纵向关联。
数据来自东区乡村卫生工作者伙伴关系调查的两波调查（1996年和2001年），这是一项针对底特律东区非裔美国女性的基于社区的参与性调查（n = 343）。我们使用纵向模型来检验以下假设：随着时间推移，日常歧视的变化与自我报告的抑郁症状变化（正向）以及自我报告的总体健康状况变化（负向）相关。
我们发现，歧视随时间的变化与抑郁症状随时间的变化（正向）（b = 0.125；P <.001）以及自我评定的总体健康状况随时间的变化（负向）（b = -0.163；P <.05）显著相关，且不受年龄、教育程度或收入的影响。
此处报告的结果与以下假设一致，即日常遭遇的歧视与不良的身心健康结果存在因果关联。在这个非裔美国女性样本中，这种关联在收入和教育影响之外依然成立。
