Pérez-Milena A, Martínez-Fernández M L, Pérez-Milena R, Jiménez-Pulido I, Leal-Helmling F J, Mesa-Gallardo I
Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Atención Primaria de Jimena, Jaén, España.
Aten Primaria. 2006 May 15;37(8):452-6. doi: 10.1157/13088886.
To find the prevalence and dependency of adolescents on tobacco, its relation with family and social factors and the motivation for giving up smoking.
Cross-sectional, descriptive study using questionnaires.
Secondary school, Jaén, Spain.
A total of 232 students: the questionnaire included questions on age, sex, tobacco consumption, smoking habits of family and friends, and family structure. The following tests were given: the Apgar family (AFT), Fagerström (FT), and Richmond (RT) tests.
Mean age 14.1 years old (95% CI, 13.9-14.3; range, 5 years); 57% boys. A 22% (17.1%-24.5%) were smokers, most of whom were boys (65.2%-86.7%; P<.001, *2) and were older than non-smokers (0.7-1.5; P<.001, Student's t). Mean consumption was 9.2 cigarettes a day (7.4-11.0) over 32 months (14.6-49.5). Friends who smoked were more frequent among adolescents who smoked (80.9%-99%) than among non-smokers (57.3%-70.6%; P<.001, *2). Smoking every day increased consumption by 6 cigarettes a day (3.6-9.2; P<.001, Student's t). In 71% (65.3%-76.6%) of families, there were smokers, principally the parents (63.3%-74.6%), who, in 85% (74.2%-95.8%) of cases, disapproved of their son/daughter smoking. Family dysfunction was more frequent in smokers (30% mild [16.1%-43.9%] and 17% severe [5.4%-28.6%]; P<.001, *2). The FT was positive for 12% (2%-22%) and was associated with the consumption of cigarettes per day (r=0.78; P<.05, Pearson). The RT was positive for 22% (15.1%-28.9%): 70% in the contemplation stage (55.6%-84.3%); 17% in preparation (5.4%-28.6%); 13% in action (3%-23%).
The consumption of tobacco among adolescents is related to family function and having friends who smoke. The low dependency and the motivation to change make this stage of life a good moment to concentrate on anti-smoking counselling.
了解青少年烟草使用情况及其依赖性，探究其与家庭和社会因素的关系以及戒烟动机。
采用问卷调查的横断面描述性研究。
西班牙哈恩的一所中学。
共232名学生，问卷涵盖年龄、性别、烟草消费、家人及朋友的吸烟习惯和家庭结构等问题。进行了以下测试：阿普加家庭测试（AFT）、法格斯特龙测试（FT）和里士满测试（RT）。
平均年龄14.1岁（95%可信区间，13.9 - 14.3；范围，5岁）；57%为男生。22%（17.1% - 24.5%）的学生吸烟，其中大多数为男生（65.2% - 86.7%；P <.001，*2），且吸烟者年龄大于不吸烟者（0.7 - 1.5；P <.001，学生t检验）。平均吸烟量为32个月内每天9.2支香烟（7.4 - 11.0）（14.6 - 49.5）。吸烟学生中吸烟的朋友比不吸烟学生中更常见（80.9% - 99%）（57.3% - 70.6%；P <.001，*2）。每天吸烟会使日均吸烟量增加6支（3.6 - 9.2；P <.001，学生t检验）。71%（65.3% - 76.6%）的家庭中有吸烟者，主要是父母（63.3% - 74.6%），其中85%（74.2% - 95.8%）的父母不赞成子女吸烟。吸烟者中家庭功能障碍更为常见（30%为轻度[16.1% - 43.9%]，17%为重度[5.4% - 28.6%]；P <.001，*2）。FT测试阳性率为12%（2% - 22%），且与每日吸烟量相关（r = 0.78；P <.05，皮尔逊相关）。RT测试阳性率为22%（15.1% - 28.9%）：70%处于思考阶段（55.6% - 84.3%）；17%处于准备阶段（5.4% - 28.6%）；13%处于行动阶段（3% - 23%）。
青少年吸烟与家庭功能及有吸烟的朋友有关。低依赖性和改变的动机使得这个人生阶段成为专注于戒烟咨询的好时机。
