Safi Jamal, Fischbein Alf, El Haj Sameer, Sansour Ramzi, Jaghabir Madi, Hashish Mohammed Abu, Suleiman Hassan, Safi Nimer, Abu-Hamda Abed, Witt Joyce K, Platkov Efim, Reingold Steven, Alayyan Amber, Berman Tamar, Bercovitch Matti, Choudhri Yogesh, Richter Elihu D
Environmental Protection and Research Institute, Gaza, Palestinian Authority.
Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Jun;114(6):917-22. doi: 10.1289/ehp.8339.
In the Middle East, the major sources of lead exposure have been leaded gasoline, lead-contaminated flour from traditional stone mills, focal exposures from small battery plants and smelters, and kohl (blue color) in cosmetics. In 1998-2000, we measured blood lead (PbB) levels in children 2-6 years of age in Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinian Authority (n = 1478), using a fingerstick method. Mean (peak; percentage > 10 microg/dL) PbB levels in Israel (n = 317) , the West Bank (n = 344), Jordan (n = 382) , and Gaza (n = 435) were 3.2 microg/dL (18.2 ; 2.2%) , 4.2 microg/dL (25.7; 5.2%), 3.2 microg/dL (39.3; < 1%) , and 8.6 microg/dL (> 80.0; 17.2%), respectively. High levels in Gaza were all among children living near a battery factory. The findings, taken together with data on time trends in lead emissions and in PbB in children in previous years, indicate the benefits from phasing out of leaded gasoline but state the case for further reductions and investigation of hot spots. The project demonstrated the benefits of regional cooperation in planning and carrying out a jointly designed project.
在中东地区，铅暴露的主要来源包括含铅汽油、传统石磨磨出的受铅污染面粉、小型电池厂和冶炼厂的局部暴露以及化妆品中的眼影粉（蓝色）。1998 - 2000年期间，我们采用指尖采血法对以色列、约旦和巴勒斯坦权力机构2至6岁的儿童（n = 1478）进行了血铅（PbB）水平检测。以色列（n = 317）、约旦河西岸（n = 344）、约旦（n = 382）和加沙（n = 435）儿童的平均（峰值；百分比>10微克/分升）血铅水平分别为3.2微克/分升（18.2；2.2%）、4.2微克/分升（25.7；5.2%）、3.2微克/分升（39.3；<1%）和8.6微克/分升（>80.0；17.2%）。加沙地区血铅水平高的儿童均居住在一家电池厂附近。这些研究结果，再结合过去几年铅排放和儿童血铅水平的时间趋势数据，表明逐步淘汰含铅汽油带来了益处，但也说明了进一步降低血铅水平和调查热点地区的必要性。该项目展示了在规划和实施联合设计项目方面区域合作的益处。
