Hornyak Magdolna, Feige Bernd, Riemann Dieter, Voderholzer Ulrich
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Sleep Med Rev. 2006 Jun;10(3):169-77. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2005.12.003.
Periodic leg movements in sleep (PLMS) are a frequent finding in polysomnography. The prevalence of PLMS is estimated to be 4-11% in adults. In childhood, PLMS rarely occur although medical conditions like sleep apnea syndrome or neuropsychiatric disorders can lead to high rates of PLMS. In the elderly, PLMS are also common in subjects without sleep disturbances. In sleep studies, PLMS are found most frequently in restless legs syndrome (RLS) and often occur in narcolepsy, sleep apnea syndrome and REM sleep behavior disorder. Some patients with otherwise unexplained insomnia or hypersomnia reveal an elevated number of PLMS, a condition defined as periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD). PLMS were found also in various medical and neurological disorders that do not primarily affect sleep. A summary of these is presented. In sleep disorders related to dopaminergic dysfunction such as RLS, PLMS are considered to be a symptom of the disease. In other disorders like primary insomnia, the clinical relevance of PLMS is still being controversially discussed. Studies with findings both pro and contra are referred. To date, only a few studies have evaluated the efficacy of therapeutic substances in reducing PLMS in PLMD patients. Their results need to be confirmed in controlled randomized trials.
睡眠期周期性腿部运动（PLMS）是多导睡眠图中常见的表现。据估计，成年人中PLMS的患病率为4% - 11%。在儿童期，PLMS很少发生，尽管睡眠呼吸暂停综合征或神经精神疾病等病症可导致PLMS的高发生率。在老年人中，PLMS在无睡眠障碍的人群中也很常见。在睡眠研究中，PLMS最常见于不安腿综合征（RLS），也常出现在发作性睡病、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征和快速眼动睡眠行为障碍中。一些患有不明原因失眠或嗜睡症的患者表现出PLMS数量增加，这种情况被定义为周期性肢体运动障碍（PLMD）。PLMS也见于各种并非主要影响睡眠的医学和神经疾病中。现将这些情况进行总结。在与多巴胺能功能障碍相关的睡眠障碍如RLS中，PLMS被认为是该疾病的一种症状。在其他疾病如原发性失眠中，PLMS的临床相关性仍存在争议。文中引用了支持和反对的研究结果。迄今为止，只有少数研究评估了治疗药物在减少PLMD患者PLMS方面的疗效。其结果需要在对照随机试验中得到证实。
