Singh Amit Kumar, Singh Munendra
Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2006 Sep 15;368(2-3):686-94. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.04.013. Epub 2006 Jun 9.
Recently, the lead content of various environmental components has decreased in response to replacement of leaded petrol by unleaded petrol. In India, 15 research studies are here assessed with respect to lead concentrations in various environmental components during the leaded petrol phase (before 1996), the transitional phase (1996-2000) and the unleaded petrol phase (2000 onwards). The Ganga River Water exhibited a decrease in lead concentration from 18.0 microg/l in 1988 to 3.1 microg/l in 2001. In Lucknow urban centre, mean lead concentrations in the urban air decreased from 1.6 microg/m(3) in 1994 to 0.2 microg/m(3) in 2002. Lead concentrations in Dalbergia sissoo tree leaves also decreased from 18.7 microg/g dry wt. in 1994 to 8.3 microg/g dry wt. in 2004. Mean blood-lead levels of children from Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Amritsar and Lucknow urban centres have fallen from 18.1 microg/dl in the leaded petrol phase to 12.1 microg/dl in the unleaded petrol phase. The petrol-lead phase-out effort in India has reduced lead concentrations in the various environmental components after 2000. It will help to reduce the exposure of millions of people to environmental lead.
最近，随着无铅汽油取代含铅汽油，各种环境成分中的铅含量有所下降。在印度，对15项研究进行了评估，这些研究涉及含铅汽油阶段（1996年以前）、过渡阶段（1996 - 2000年）和无铅汽油阶段（2000年起）各种环境成分中的铅浓度。恒河河水的铅浓度从1988年的18.0微克/升降至2001年的3.1微克/升。在勒克瑙市中心，城市空气中的平均铅浓度从1994年的1.6微克/立方米降至2002年的0.2微克/立方米。黄檀树叶中的铅浓度也从1994年的18.7微克/克干重降至2004年的8.3微克/克干重。孟买、金奈、班加罗尔、阿姆利则和勒克瑙市中心儿童的平均血铅水平已从含铅汽油阶段的18.1微克/分升降至无铅汽油阶段的12.1微克/分升。印度的汽油铅淘汰工作在2000年后降低了各种环境成分中的铅浓度。这将有助于减少数百万人接触环境铅的机会。
