Aubin Henri-Jean, Luthringer Rémy, Demazières Agnès, Dupont Christine, Lagrue Gilbert
Centre de Traitement des Addictions, Hôpital Emile Roux, Limeil Brevannes, France.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2006 Apr;8(2):193-201. doi: 10.1080/14622200500489989.
This randomized, open-label, crossover study was conducted to compare the effects of a 24-hr nicotine patch and a 16-hr nicotine patch on morning smoking urges and sleep quality of dependent smokers during a short period of cigarette abstinence. A total of 20 smokers (9 women and 11 men) smoking at least 20 cigarettes/day completed the two smoke-free study periods. For each period, cigarette abstinence started on the first evening and a nicotine patch was applied the next morning (for 16 or 24 hr), after baseline measures; a second patch was applied the next morning, 1 hr before the end of the experimental period. Smoking urges, mood and behavior self-reports, psychomotor performance, and polysomnographic recordings were compared between the two types of nicotine patch according to changes from baseline. Both patches decreased morning smoking urges, although results were significantly superior for the 24-hr patch. Furthermore, the 24-hr patch was more effective than the 16-hr patch in reducing the positive reinforcing dimension of smoking urges. Regarding polysomnographic recordings, the proportion of slow wave sleep was significantly increased from baseline with the 24-hr patch compared with the 16-hr patch. As for psychomotor performance measured through the critical flicker fusion test, significant improvement in morning alertness was observed in the 24-hr patch group. In conclusion, the 24-hr nicotine patch formulation is more effective than the 16-hr formulation in alleviating morning smoking urges and more specifically the positive reinforcing factor. The present findings do not support the idea that nicotine delivery during bedtime might disturb sleep, but rather it improves restorative sleep and postwaking arousal.
这项随机、开放标签、交叉研究旨在比较24小时尼古丁贴片和16小时尼古丁贴片在短期戒烟期间对依赖吸烟者早晨吸烟冲动和睡眠质量的影响。共有20名每天至少吸20支烟的吸烟者（9名女性和11名男性）完成了两个无烟研究阶段。对于每个阶段，在基线测量后，于第一天晚上开始戒烟，并于第二天早晨（持续16或24小时）贴上尼古丁贴片；在实验期结束前1小时，于第二天早晨再贴一片。根据与基线的变化，比较了两种尼古丁贴片在吸烟冲动、情绪和行为自我报告、心理运动表现以及多导睡眠图记录方面的差异。两种贴片均降低了早晨的吸烟冲动，尽管24小时贴片的效果明显更好。此外，在减少吸烟冲动的正性强化维度方面，24小时贴片比16小时贴片更有效。关于多导睡眠图记录，与16小时贴片相比，24小时贴片使慢波睡眠比例较基线显著增加。至于通过临界闪烁融合测试测量的心理运动表现，24小时贴片组早晨的警觉性有显著改善。总之，24小时尼古丁贴片配方在减轻早晨吸烟冲动方面比16小时配方更有效，特别是在减少正性强化因素方面。目前的研究结果不支持睡前给予尼古丁可能干扰睡眠的观点，相反，它改善了恢复性睡眠和醒来后的觉醒状态。
