Pataka Athanasia, Kotoulas Seraphim, Kalamaras George, Tzinas Asterios, Grigoriou Ioanna, Kasnaki Nectaria, Argyropoulou Paraskevi
Respiratory Failure Unit, G. Papanikolaou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
J Clin Med. 2022 Aug 31;11(17):5164. doi: 10.3390/jcm11175164.
The connection between smoking and Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is not yet clear. There are studies that have confirmed the effect of smoking on sleep disordered breathing, whereas others did not. Nicotine affects sleep, as smokers have prolonged total sleep and REM latency, reduced sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and slow wave sleep. Smoking cessation has been related with impaired sleep. The health consequences of cigarette smoking are well documented, but the effect of smoking cessation on OSA has not been extensively studied. Smoking cessation should improve OSA as upper airway oedema may reduce, but there is limited data to support this hypothesis. The impact of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy on OSA has been studied, especially for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). However, there are limited data on other smoking cessation medications as bupropion, varenicline, nortriptyline, clonidine, and cytisine. The aim of this review was to explore the current evidence on the association between smoking and OSA, to evaluate if smoking cessation affects OSA, and to investigate the possible effects of different pharmacologic strategies offered for smoking cessation on OSA.
吸烟与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）之间的联系尚不清楚。有些研究证实了吸烟对睡眠呼吸紊乱的影响，而其他研究则未证实。尼古丁会影响睡眠，因为吸烟者的总睡眠时间和快速眼动睡眠潜伏期延长，睡眠效率、总睡眠时间和慢波睡眠减少。戒烟与睡眠障碍有关。吸烟对健康的危害已有充分记录，但戒烟对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的影响尚未得到广泛研究。戒烟应该会改善阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停，因为上呼吸道水肿可能会减轻，但支持这一假设的数据有限。已经对戒烟药物疗法对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的影响进行了研究，尤其是尼古丁替代疗法（NRT）。然而，关于安非他酮、伐尼克兰、去甲替林、可乐定和金雀花碱等其他戒烟药物的数据有限。这篇综述的目的是探讨目前关于吸烟与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停之间关联的证据，评估戒烟是否会影响阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停，并研究为戒烟提供的不同药物策略对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停可能产生的影响。
