Cohen Philip H, Tsai Henry, Puffer James C
Rutgers University Sports Medicine, Picataway, NJ 08854, USA.
Clin J Sport Med. 2006 May;16(3):253-60. doi: 10.1097/00042752-200605000-00012.
To evaluate the use, knowledge, and perceptions of sun-protective behavior (SPB), among young athletes in Southern California.
Cross-sectional survey, assessing various measures of SPB, sun exposure, attitudes, and knowledge.
A total of 1006 students from 2 public high schools and 1 public university in the Los Angeles area volunteered. Athlete volunteers were recruited during sports preparticipation examinations. Nonathlete controls were recruited from physical education classes (high school) and from an introductory lecture class (university).
Use of SPB during sports and nonsports activities, sun exposure, sun-protection knowledge, and attitudes. Results from athletes were compared with those from controls at each site.
Overall rates of SPB were low. During nonsports activities, university athletes had higher rates of sunscreen (37.7% vs. 32.3%, P = 0.03) and hat use (34.7% vs. 17%, P < 0.001) than did controls. However, university athletes had lower rates of use of long shirts (27.9% vs. 39.8%, P < 0.001), long pants (38.8% vs. 63%, P < 0.002), and had higher total sun exposure (16.1 vs. 10.1 h/wk, P < 0.001). Similar results were seen among the high-school subjects. Despite having good knowledge of the potential dangers of ultraviolet radiation exposure, approximately 1 in 5 subjects overall had experienced a blistering sunburn within the past year.
Young athletes in the Los Angeles area reported low rates of SPB, high levels of ultraviolet radiation exposure, and high rates of sunburns, despite knowing the risks of sun exposure. Specific educational and behavioral interventions should be directed toward improving SPB in this high-risk group.
评估南加州年轻运动员对防晒行为（SPB）的使用情况、知识水平和认知。
横断面调查，评估防晒行为、日晒情况、态度和知识的各项指标。
洛杉矶地区2所公立高中和1所公立大学的1006名学生自愿参与。运动员志愿者在运动前参与检查时招募。非运动员对照从体育课（高中）和入门讲座课（大学）中招募。
运动和非运动活动期间防晒行为的使用情况、日晒情况、防晒知识和态度。将各地点运动员的结果与对照的结果进行比较。
防晒行为的总体发生率较低。在非运动活动期间，大学运动员使用防晒霜的比例（37.7%对32.3%，P = 0.03）和戴帽子的比例（34.7%对17%，P < 0.001）高于对照。然而，大学运动员穿长袖衬衫的比例较低（27.9%对39.8%，P < 0.001），穿长裤的比例较低（38.8%对63%，P < 0.002），且总日晒时间较长（16.1对10.1小时/周，P < 0.001）。在高中受试者中也观察到类似结果。尽管对紫外线辐射暴露的潜在危险有充分了解，但总体约五分之一的受试者在过去一年中曾有过晒伤起泡。
洛杉矶地区的年轻运动员尽管知道日晒风险，但报告的防晒行为发生率较低、紫外线辐射暴露水平较高且晒伤发生率较高。应针对这一高风险群体采取具体的教育和行为干预措施，以改善防晒行为。
