Rogers D W O
Physics Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada.
Phys Med Biol. 2006 Jul 7;51(13):R287-301. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/51/13/R17. Epub 2006 Jun 20.
Monte Carlo techniques have become ubiquitous in medical physics over the last 50 years with a doubling of papers on the subject every 5 years between the first PMB paper in 1967 and 2000 when the numbers levelled off. While recognizing the many other roles that Monte Carlo techniques have played in medical physics, this review emphasizes techniques for electron-photon transport simulations. The broad range of codes available is mentioned but there is special emphasis on the EGS4/EGSnrc code system which the author has helped develop for 25 years. The importance of the 1987 Erice Summer School on Monte Carlo techniques is highlighted. As an illustrative example of the role Monte Carlo techniques have played, the history of the correction for wall attenuation and scatter in an ion chamber is presented as it demonstrates the interplay between a specific problem and the development of tools to solve the problem which in turn leads to applications in other areas.
在过去50年里，蒙特卡罗技术在医学物理领域已变得无处不在。从1967年发表第一篇《物理医学与生物学》（PMB）论文到2000年数量趋于平稳，关于该主题的论文数量每5年就会翻一番。在认识到蒙特卡罗技术在医学物理中所发挥的许多其他作用的同时，本综述着重介绍电子 - 光子输运模拟技术。文中提到了可用的广泛代码，但特别强调了作者参与开发达25年之久的EGS4/EGSnrc代码系统。突出了1987年埃里切蒙特卡罗技术暑期学校的重要性。作为蒙特卡罗技术所发挥作用的一个示例，介绍了电离室壁衰减和散射校正的历史，因为它展示了一个特定问题与解决该问题的工具开发之间的相互作用，而这反过来又导致了在其他领域的应用。
