Anna State Hospital.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1968 Summer;1(2):99-108. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-99.
Recent studies suggested a general behavioral engineering approach to behavioral disorders by portable operant treatment instruments. The approach was applied to the problem of poor posture, specifically rounding of the back or slouching. An apparatus was developed that provided a warning stimulus followed by an aversive tone for the duration of slouching. Slouching was thereby punished by onset of the tone, and non-slouching was reinforced by tone termination and postponement. Twenty-five adults wore the apparatus during their normal working day during alternate periods in which the aversive tone was connected and disconnected experimentally. A miniature time-meter recorded the duration of slouching. The results showed that slouching decreased for each subject during each period in which slouching produced the aversive tone. For two subjects, a second control procedure was applied in which slouching terminated the tone. The result was an increase of slouching, demonstrating that the postural changes were controlled by the scheduled relation between the aversive tone and the response, and not by other factors such as simple response feedback. The substantial changes in posture indicate that the present procedure may prove to be an effective treatment alternative and suggests the general value of the behavioral engineering approach.
最近的研究表明，便携式操作性治疗仪器可以为行为障碍提供一种通用的行为工程方法。该方法应用于不良姿势的问题，特别是背部弯曲或弯腰驼背。为此开发了一种装置，当出现弯腰驼背时，该装置会发出警告刺激，随后发出令人不快的音调。通过发出音调来惩罚弯腰驼背，而通过音调结束和延迟来强化不弯腰驼背。25 名成年人在正常工作日期间穿着该装置，每隔一段时间进行实验，将令人不快的音调连接和断开。一个微型计时器记录了弯腰驼背的持续时间。结果表明，对于每个受试者，在每次弯腰驼背产生令人不快的音调的期间，弯腰驼背的次数都减少了。对于两个受试者，应用了第二种对照程序，即弯腰驼背会终止音调。结果是弯腰驼背的次数增加了，这表明姿势的变化是由令人不快的音调与反应之间的预定关系控制的，而不是由其他因素（如简单的反应反馈）控制的。姿势的显著变化表明，目前的程序可能被证明是一种有效的治疗替代方法，并表明行为工程方法的普遍价值。
