Anna State Hospital.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1968 Spring;1(1):63-71. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1968.1-63.
An attempt was made to reduce the cigarette smoking of three subjects by means of a special cigarette case that delivered aversive shock when opened. The number of cigarettes smoked was recorded by a counter in the cigarette case. The validity of the counter readings as a measure of smoking was obtained by a specially designed participant-observer technique. It was found that the rate of smoking decreased as a function of the intensity of the shock. Also, the smoking returned to its previously unpunished level after the shock punisher was discontinued. Both of these findings confirm the results of laboratory studies of punishment of simpler responses and extends them to more complex responses in a naturalistic situation. Surprisingly, the duration for which the apparatus was worn also decreased as a function of the intensity of the shock. This finding reveals that this aversive shock technique produced avoidance behavior that prevents the technique from having extensive applicability for eliminating smoking. The same limitation may apply to the use of aversive shock for eliminating other undesirable behaviors.
有人试图通过一种特殊的香烟盒来减少三位受试者的吸烟量，这种香烟盒在打开时会产生厌恶感的电击。香烟的数量由香烟盒中的计数器记录。计数器读数作为吸烟量的衡量标准的有效性是通过专门设计的参与者观察技术获得的。结果发现，吸烟率随着电击强度的增加而降低。而且，在停止电击惩罚器后，吸烟量又回到了之前不受惩罚的水平。这两个发现都证实了实验室对简单反应进行惩罚的研究结果，并将其扩展到了自然情境中更复杂的反应。令人惊讶的是，仪器的佩戴时间也随着电击强度的增加而减少。这一发现表明，这种厌恶感电击技术产生了回避行为，从而阻止了该技术在消除吸烟方面的广泛应用。对于使用厌恶感电击来消除其他不良行为，可能也存在同样的限制。
