The University of Kansas.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1976;9(4):491-7. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1976.9-491.
The effects of different reinforcement contingencies on the rates of offers to share and their corresponding rates of acceptance by two small groups of preschool children were investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment, food and praise were given after a 5-min play period to any subject who had made one or more offers to share during the play period. This procedure increased the rate of share-offers by all subjects. However, as share-offers increased, the percentage of offers accepted decreased. In the second experiment, reinforcement was made contingent on a subject reducing offers to share to only one or two per 5-min period. This led to a higher percentage of the offers being accepted. The results suggest that by controlling the rate of a social behavior, the manner in which other persons in the environment respond to the behavior may also be influenced.
两种强化条件对两组学龄前儿童分享意愿及其对应接受率的影响在两个实验中得到了研究。在第一个实验中，在 5 分钟的游戏时间后，任何在游戏期间提出一次或多次分享意愿的被试都会得到食物和表扬。这一程序增加了所有被试提出分享意愿的频率。然而，随着分享意愿的增加，接受的比例下降。在第二个实验中，强化取决于被试将分享意愿减少到每 5 分钟只有一到两次。这导致了更高比例的意愿被接受。结果表明，通过控制社会行为的频率，环境中其他人对该行为的反应方式也可能受到影响。
