State University of New York at Stony Brook.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1973 Summer;6(2):241-50. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1973.6-241.
This experiment was designed to compare the effects of contingent reinforcement under conditions of self-determined and externally imposed performance standards. A major purpose was to examine the maintenance of self-imposed performance standards over time. Children in one contingent reinforcement condition self-determined their academic performance standards. The same performance standards were externally imposed upon children in a second contingent reinforcement condition who were yoked to subjects in the first condition. Children in a no-reinforcement control condition performed in the absence of external reward. Behavioral productivity of the self-determination condition was greater than that of the no-reinforcement condition. Further, no attenuation of the efficacy of contingent reinforcement occurred when performance standards were self-determined rather than externally imposed. Over six sessions, children became progressively more lenient in their self-imposed performance demands in the absence of social surveillance.
本实验旨在比较在自我决定和外部强加绩效标准条件下的 contingent reinforcement 的效果。主要目的是考察自我设定的绩效标准随时间的维持情况。在一个 contingent reinforcement 条件下，儿童自我决定他们的学业绩效标准。在第二个 contingent reinforcement 条件下，相同的绩效标准被强加给与第一个条件中的受试者相匹配的儿童。在没有强化控制条件下，儿童在没有外部奖励的情况下表现。自我决定条件的行为生产力大于无强化条件。此外，当绩效标准是自我设定而不是外部强加时， contingent reinforcement 的效果并没有减弱。在六次会议中，在没有社会监督的情况下，儿童对自我设定的绩效要求变得越来越宽松。
