Padgett Kerry A, Cahoon-Young Barbara, Carney Ryan, Woods Leslie, Read Deryck, Husted Stan, Kramer Vicki
Vector-Borne Disease Section, California Department of Health Services, Richmond, California 94804, USA.
Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2006 Summer;6(2):183-91. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.183.
Three diagnostic assays for detecting West Nile virus (WNV) in avian oral swabs were evaluated in California in 2004 and 2005: two commercial antigen-capture assays, VecTest and Rapid Analyte Measurement Platform (RAMP), and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of oral swabs in a specialized viral transport medium (VTM). Results from this study demonstrated that VTM was excellent for transportation and maintenance of WNV in avian oral swab samples and allowed for detection by RT-PCR and subsequent confirmation by virus isolation. Oral swabs and kidney tissue in VTM tested by RT-PCR were found to have similar accuracy in detecting WNV in corvids. The two antigen-capture assays, VecTest and RAMP, provided few false positives for corvids, with over 95% specificity. When performed by multiple local agencies throughout the state, VecTest and RAMP were similarly sensitive for oral swabs of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos) (70% and 64%, respectively). Data from known WNV positive corvid oral swabs in VTM tested by antigen-capture assays at a diagnostic laboratory suggested that RAMP was more sensitive than VecTest. Due to high probability of false negatives, neither test is recommended for use on non-corvids. While WNV antigen-capture assays were effective screening tools for corvids, they were markedly less sensitive for Western Scrub Jays (Aphelocoma californica).
2004年和2005年在加利福尼亚州对三种用于检测鸟类口腔拭子中西尼罗河病毒（WNV）的诊断检测方法进行了评估：两种商业抗原捕获检测方法，即VecTest和快速分析测量平台（RAMP），以及在专门的病毒运输培养基（VTM）中对口腔拭子进行逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）。这项研究的结果表明，VTM对于鸟类口腔拭子样本中WNV的运输和保存非常出色，并允许通过RT-PCR进行检测以及随后通过病毒分离进行确认。发现通过RT-PCR检测的VTM中的口腔拭子和肾脏组织在检测鸦科鸟类中的WNV时具有相似的准确性。两种抗原捕获检测方法，即VecTest和RAMP，对鸦科鸟类的假阳性很少，特异性超过95%。当由全州多个地方机构进行检测时，VecTest和RAMP对美洲鸦（短嘴鸦）的口腔拭子同样敏感（分别为70%和64%）。在一家诊断实验室通过抗原捕获检测方法对VTM中已知WNV阳性的鸦科鸟类口腔拭子进行检测的数据表明，RAMP比VecTest更敏感。由于假阴性的可能性很高，不建议对非鸦科鸟类使用这两种检测方法。虽然WNV抗原捕获检测方法是鸦科鸟类的有效筛查工具，但它们对加州灌丛鸦的敏感性明显较低。
