Herrero J A, Izquierdo M, Maffiuletti N A, García-López J
Faculty of Health Sciences, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain.
Int J Sports Med. 2006 Jul;27(7):533-9. doi: 10.1055/s-2005-865845.
This study compared the effects of four-week training periods of electromyostimulation (EMS), plyometric training (P), or combined EMS and P training of the knee extensor muscles on 20 m sprint time (ST), jumping ability (Squat jump [SJ] and Countermovement jump [CMJ]), maximal isometric strength (MVC), and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Forty subjects were randomly assigned to one of the four treatment groups: electromyostimulation (EG), plyometric (PG), combined EMG, and P (EPG), that took place 4 times per week, and a control group (CG). Subjects were tested before and after the training program, as well as once more after 2 wk of detraining. A significant improvement (p < 0.05) in ST was observed after training (2.4 %) in EG while a significant slowing (p < 0.05) was observed (- 2.3 %) in EPG. Significant increases in EPG (p < 0.05) were observed in SJ (7.5 %) and CMJ (7.3 %) after training, while no significant changes in both jumps were observed after training and detraining for EG. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in MVC was observed after training (9.1 %) and after detraining (8.1 %) in EG. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in MVC was observed after training (16.3 %) in EPG. A significant increase (p < 0.01) in CSA was observed after training in EG (9.0 %) and in EPG (7.1 %). EMS combined with plyometric training increased the jumping height and sprint run in physically active men. In addition, EMS alone or EMS combined with plyometric training leads to increase maximal strength and to some hypertrophy of trained muscles. However, EMS training alone did not result in any improvement in jumping explosive strength development or even interfered in sprint run.
本研究比较了四周的肌电刺激（EMS）、增强式训练（P）或EMS与P联合训练对膝伸肌的影响，涉及20米短跑时间（ST）、跳跃能力（深蹲跳[SJ]和反向运动跳[CMJ]）、最大等长力量（MVC）和肌肉横截面积（CSA）。40名受试者被随机分配到四个治疗组之一：肌电刺激组（EG）、增强式训练组（PG）、EMG与P联合组（EPG），每周进行4次训练，还有一个对照组（CG）。在训练计划前后以及停训2周后再次对受试者进行测试。训练后，EG组的ST有显著改善（p < 0.05）（提高了2.4%），而EPG组有显著减慢（p < 0.05）（降低了2.3%）。训练后，EPG组的SJ（提高了7.5%）和CMJ（提高了7.3%）有显著增加（p < 0.05），而EG组训练和停训后，这两项跳跃指标均无显著变化。EG组训练后（提高了9.1%）和停训后（提高了8.1%）MVC有显著增加（p < 0.05）。EPG组训练后MVC有显著增加（p < 0.05）（提高了16.3%）。EG组（提高了9.0%）和EPG组（提高了7.1%）训练后CSA有显著增加（p < 0.01）。EMS与增强式训练相结合可提高身体活跃男性的跳跃高度和短跑成绩。此外，单独的EMS训练或EMS与增强式训练相结合可提高最大力量，并使训练的肌肉出现一定程度的肥大。然而，单独的EMS训练在跳跃爆发力发展方面没有带来任何改善，甚至对短跑有干扰。
