Markovic Goran, Jukic Igor, Milanovic Dragan, Metikos Dusan
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2007 May;21(2):543-9. doi: 10.1519/R-19535.1.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sprint training on muscle function and dynamic athletic performance and to compare them with the training effects induced by standard plyometric training. Male physical education students were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 groups: sprint group (SG; n = 30), plyometric group (PG; n = 30), or control group (CG; n = 33). Maximal isometric squat strength, squat- and countermovement jump (SJ and CMJ) height and power, drop jump performance from 30-cm height, and 3 athletic performance tests (standing long jump, 20-m sprint, and 20-yard shuttle run) were measured prior to and after 10 weeks of training. Both experimental groups trained 3 days a week; SG performed maximal sprints over distances of 10-50 m, whereas PG performed bounce-type hurdle jumps and drop jumps. Participants in the CG group maintained their daily physical activities for the duration of the study. Both SG and PG significantly improved drop jump performance (15.6 and 14.2%), SJ and CMJ height ( approximately 10 and 6%), and standing long jump distance (3.2 and 2.8%), whereas the respective effect sizes (ES) were moderate to high and ranged between 0.4 and 1.1. In addition, SG also improved isometric squat strength (10%; ES = 0.4) and SJ and CMJ power (4%; ES = 0.4, and 7%; ES = 0.4), as well as sprint (3.1%; ES = 0.9) and agility (4.3%; ES = 1.1) performance. We conclude that short-term sprint training produces similar or even greater training effects in muscle function and athletic performance than does conventional plyometric training. This study provides support for the use of sprint training as an applicable training method of improving explosive performance of athletes in general.
本研究的目的是评估短跑训练对肌肉功能和动态运动表现的影响，并将其与标准增强式训练所诱导的训练效果进行比较。男性体育专业学生被随机分配到3组中的1组：短跑组（SG；n = 30）、增强式训练组（PG；n = 30）或对照组（CG；n = 33）。在为期10周的训练前后，测量最大等长深蹲力量、深蹲跳和反向纵跳（SJ和CMJ）的高度和功率、从30厘米高度的跳深表现以及3项运动表现测试（立定跳远、20米短跑和20码穿梭跑）。两个实验组每周训练3天；SG组进行10 - 50米距离的最大速度冲刺跑，而PG组进行弹跳式跨栏跳和跳深练习。CG组的参与者在研究期间保持日常体育活动。SG组和PG组均显著提高了跳深表现（分别提高了15.6%和14.2%）、SJ和CMJ高度（分别约为10%和6%）以及立定跳远距离（分别为3.2%和2.8%），而各自的效应大小（ES）为中等至高，范围在0.4至1.1之间。此外，SG组还提高了等长深蹲力量（10%；ES = 0.4）以及SJ和CMJ功率（分别为4%；ES = 0.4和7%；ES = 0.4），还有短跑成绩（3.1%；ES = 0.9）和敏捷性（4.3%；ES = 1.1）。我们得出结论，短期短跑训练在肌肉功能和运动表现方面产生的训练效果与传统增强式训练相似甚至更大。本研究为将短跑训练作为提高运动员爆发力表现的一种适用训练方法提供了支持。
