Laxer R M, Mackay E, Marks M I
Chemotherapy. 1975;21(2):90-8. doi: 10.1159/000221851.
The antibacterial activity of tobramycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, cloxacillin, kanamycin, cephalexin, penicillin, carbenicillin and polymyxin were compared against 303 clinical bacterial isolates from a pediatric hospital patient population. Standard disk diffusion and agar-dilution methods were employed. Significant activity was demonstrated for tobramycin against pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and both Staphylococcus aureus and albus; Tobramycin was significantly more active against Pseudomonas than gentamicin or the other antibiotics testedmcomparable activity to gentamicin was present for the other types of bacteria; Cross-resistance was not encountered between tobramycin and gentamicin. 30 isolates of E. coli were tested against the combination of tobramycin and ampicillin by the growth-curve method. Synergism was demonstrated in 4 isolates, antagonism in 1 and an additive effect in 25. A bactericidal effect was present at 24h against 17 isolates with tobramycin alone and against 25 isolates when combined with ampicillin. These results provide in vitro rationale for the consideration of tobramycin for clinical use in patients with Psuedomonas infections for the combination of ampicillin and tobramycin for the treatment of selected E.coli infections.
比较了妥布霉素、庆大霉素、红霉素、氯唑西林、卡那霉素、头孢氨苄、青霉素、羧苄西林和多粘菌素对一家儿童医院患者群体中303株临床分离菌的抗菌活性。采用了标准纸片扩散法和琼脂稀释法。结果表明，妥布霉素对铜绿假单胞菌、克雷伯菌、大肠杆菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌和白色葡萄球菌均有显著活性；妥布霉素对铜绿假单胞菌的活性明显高于庆大霉素或其他受试抗生素，对其他类型细菌的活性与庆大霉素相当；妥布霉素和庆大霉素之间未发现交叉耐药性。采用生长曲线法对30株大肠杆菌进行了妥布霉素和氨苄西林联合试验。结果显示，4株表现为协同作用，1株表现为拮抗作用，25株表现为相加作用。单独使用妥布霉素时，24小时对17株细菌有杀菌作用，与氨苄西林联合使用时对25株细菌有杀菌作用。这些结果为妥布霉素用于铜绿假单胞菌感染患者的临床治疗以及氨苄西林和妥布霉素联合用于治疗某些大肠杆菌感染提供了体外实验依据。
