Paré A, Coyle K A, Sigler L, Maas A K, Mitchell R L
Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
Med Mycol. 2006 Feb;44(1):25-31. doi: 10.1080/13693780500165461.
Veiled chameleons (Chamaeleo calyptratus) were experimentally challenged with the fungus Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV). Chameleons were exposed to conidia in their captive environment, or were inoculated by direct application of a conidial suspension inoculum on intact and on abraded skin. The CANV induced lesions in all experimental groups and was recovered from infected animals, fulfilling Koch's postulates and confirming that it may act as a primary fungal pathogen in this species of reptile. A breach in cutaneous integrity, as simulated by mild scarification, increased the risk of infection but was not required for the CANV to express pathogenicity. Initial hyphae proliferation occurred in the outer epidermal stratum corneum, with subsequent invasion of the deeper epidermal strata and dermis. A spectrum of lesions was observed ranging from liquefactive necrosis of the epidermis to granulomatous inflammation in the dermis. CANV dermatomycosis appears to be contagious and can readily spread within a reptile collection, either directly through contact with infective arthroconidia or indirectly via fomites. Dense tufts of arthroconidiating hyphae were demonstrated histologically on the skin surface of many animals that developed dermatomycosis, and these arthroconidia may act as infective propagules involved in the transfer of disease between reptiles.
将隐面变色龙（Chamaeleo calyptratus）用弗里西拟内孢霉（Nannizziopsis vriesii）的无性型金孢子菌（Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii，CANV）进行实验性攻毒。变色龙在其圈养环境中接触分生孢子，或者通过将分生孢子悬浮液接种物直接涂抹在完整皮肤和擦伤皮肤上进行接种。CANV在所有实验组中均引起病变，并从受感染动物体内分离得到，满足科赫法则，证实其可能作为这种爬行动物的主要真菌病原体。轻度划痕模拟的皮肤完整性破坏增加了感染风险，但CANV表达致病性并不需要皮肤破损。最初的菌丝增殖发生在外层角质层，随后侵入更深的表皮层和真皮。观察到一系列病变，从表皮的液化性坏死到真皮的肉芽肿性炎症。CANV皮肤真菌病似乎具有传染性，可在爬行动物饲养群体中轻易传播，要么通过与感染性关节分生孢子直接接触，要么通过污染物间接传播。在许多患皮肤真菌病的动物皮肤表面，组织学检查显示有密集的产关节分生孢子菌丝束，这些关节分生孢子可能作为感染性繁殖体参与疾病在爬行动物之间的传播。
