Cochrane Jodie L, Lloyd David G, Buttfield Alec, Seward Hugh, McGivern Jeanne
The School of Human Movement & Exercise Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2007 Apr;10(2):96-104. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.05.015. Epub 2006 Jun 27.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are the most costly injuries in football at both professional and amateur levels (Orchard J, Seward H, McGivern J, Hood S. Intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury in Australian footballers. Am J Sports Med 2001;29:196-200.). In this study video analysis of 34 ACL injuries in Australian football was performed to investigate the causes of these injuries. Factors that may have contributed to the cause of the injury were analysed, rated and reported. The factors analysed were: type of manoeuvre, direction the knee 'gave way', running speed, knee angle, cutting angle and if the player was accelerating or decelerating. The majority of the injuries analysed occurred in non-contact situations (56%). Of these 37% occurred during sidestepping manoeuvres, 32% in landing, 16% land and step, 10% stopping/slowing and 5% crossover cut manoeuvres. Ninety-two percent of the non-contact injuries occurred at extended knee angles of 30 degrees or less, which is also commonly known to place stress on the ACL and reduce the protective role of hamstrings. Over half (54%) of non-contact injuries occurred whilst decelerating. It would be expected that greater speed and angle cut too would increase the frequency of ACL injury. The results could not confirm this with most injuries occurring at running speeds of slow jogging to running and equal number of injuries occurred at cutting to angles of the ranges 15-45 degrees and 45-75 degrees. These results give greater understanding into potential causes or contributors of ACL injury and information to assist in the development of knee injury prevention programs.
前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤是职业和业余足球运动中代价最高的损伤（奥查德J、西沃德H、麦吉文J、胡德S。澳大利亚足球运动员前交叉韧带损伤的内在和外在风险因素。《美国运动医学杂志》2001年；29：196 - 200）。在本研究中，对澳大利亚足球中34例ACL损伤进行了视频分析，以调查这些损伤的原因。分析、评级并报告了可能导致损伤的因素。所分析的因素包括：动作类型、膝盖“弯曲”的方向、跑步速度、膝盖角度、切入角度以及球员是在加速还是减速。所分析的大多数损伤发生在非接触情况下（56%）。其中，37%发生在侧步动作期间，32%发生在落地时，16%发生在落地并迈步时，10%发生在停止/减速时，5%发生在交叉切入动作时。92%的非接触损伤发生在膝盖伸展角度为30度或更小的时候，众所周知，这也会给ACL施加压力并降低腘绳肌的保护作用。超过一半（54%）的非接触损伤发生在减速时。预计更高的速度和切入角度也会增加ACL损伤的频率。结果未能证实这一点，大多数损伤发生在慢跑至跑步的速度下，并且在切入角度为15 - 45度和45 - 75度范围内的损伤数量相等。这些结果使人们对ACL损伤的潜在原因或促成因素有了更深入的了解，并为协助制定预防膝盖损伤计划提供了信息。
