Bitsanis Demetris, Ghebremeskel Kebreab, Moodley Therishnee, Crawford Michael A, Djahanbakhch Ovrang
Institute of Brain Chemistry and Human Nutrition, London Metropolitan University, United Kingdom.
Lipids. 2006 Apr;41(4):341-6. doi: 10.1007/s11745-006-5104-8.
In previous studies, we reported that neonates of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have reduced blood levels of arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that were unrelated to maternal status. Since both AA and DHA are selectively transferred from maternal to fetal circulation by the placenta, we have investigated whether the FA composition of the placenta is altered by GDM. Thirty-six women, 11 with and 25 without GDM, were recruited from Newham General Hospital, London. The women with GDM had higher levels of di-homo-gamma-linolenic (P < 0.05), docosatetraenoic (n-6 DTA; P< 0.0001), docosapentaenoic n-6 (P< 0.005), total n-6 (P < 0.005), docosapentaenoic (n-3 DPA; P < 0.005), and total n-3 (P < 0.01) FA, as well as higher levels of AA (P < 0.05) and DHA (P < 0.01), in placental choline phosphoglycerides (CPG) compared with the healthy women who served as controls. Similarly, the women with GDM had elevated n-6 DTA (P < 0.005), AA, total n-6 metabolites (P < 0.05), DHA, total n-3 metabolites, and total n-3 FA (P < 0.005) in ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (EPG). In contrast to CPG and EPG, the placental TG of the women with GDM had higher linoleic acid (P< 0.05) and lower AA, n-6 metabolites, and n-3 DPA (P < 0.01). The placenta is devoid of desaturase activity, and it is thought to be reliant on maternal circulation for both AA and DHA. Hence, the enhanced levels of the two FA in the placenta of the GDM group suggests that these FA are taken up from the maternal circulation and retained after esterification into phosphoglycerides instead of being transferred to the fetus. Further study is needed to elucidate the mechanism involved and the effect of the phenomenon on postnatal growth and development of the offspring.
在之前的研究中，我们报告称患有妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）的女性所生新生儿的花生四烯酸（AA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）血液水平降低，且这与母亲的状况无关。由于AA和DHA均通过胎盘从母体选择性地转运至胎儿循环，我们研究了GDM是否会改变胎盘的脂肪酸（FA）组成。从伦敦纽汉姆综合医院招募了36名女性，其中11名患有GDM，25名未患GDM。与作为对照的健康女性相比，患有GDM的女性胎盘胆碱磷酸甘油酯（CPG）中的二高-γ-亚麻酸（P < 0.05）、二十二碳四烯酸（n-6 DTA；P < 0.0001）、二十二碳五烯酸n-6（P < 0.005）、总n-6（P < 0.005）、二十二碳五烯酸（n-3 DPA；P < 0.005）和总n-3（P < 0.01）FA水平更高，同时AA（P < 0.05）和DHA（P < 0.01）水平也更高。同样，患有GDM的女性乙醇胺磷酸甘油酯（EPG）中的n-6 DTA（P < 0.005）、AA、总n-6代谢物（P < 0.05）、DHA、总n-3代谢物和总n-3 FA（P < 0.005）升高。与CPG和EPG相反，患有GDM的女性胎盘甘油三酯（TG）中的亚油酸含量更高（P < 0.05），而AA、n-6代谢物和n-3 DPA含量更低（P < 0.01）。胎盘缺乏去饱和酶活性，并且被认为在AA和DHA方面依赖于母体循环。因此，GDM组胎盘中这两种FA水平的升高表明这些FA是从母体循环中摄取并在酯化进入磷酸甘油酯后保留下来，而不是转移给胎儿。需要进一步研究以阐明其中涉及的机制以及该现象对后代出生后生长发育的影响。
