在轻度惩罚下恢复反应。
Recovery of responses during mild punishment.
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1966 May;9(3):251-63. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1966.9-251.
Pigeons were punished with mild shock for pecking during one of two components of a multiple schedule. They eventually recovered so that they pecked at the same rate during both components. In one experiment they were extinguished after recovering. When punishment was maintained during extinction, they extinguished faster during the punished, than during the unpunished component. When punishment was stopped during extinction, they extinguished faster during the unpunished than during the previously punished component. In another experiment, punishment was programmed first during neither of the two components, then during one, then during both, and finally during the other component. The extent of recovery decreased with each successive cycle. It is concluded that, if transient emotional states are ignored, reward and punishment are symmetrical in their effects.
鸽子在一个多项时间表的两个组成部分之一中啄食时会受到轻度电击惩罚。它们最终恢复到在两个组成部分中以相同的速度啄食。在一个实验中，它们在恢复后被消除。当在消除过程中保持惩罚时，它们在被惩罚的组成部分比在未被惩罚的组成部分中更快地消除。当在消除过程中停止惩罚时，它们在未被惩罚的组成部分比在以前被惩罚的组成部分中更快地消除。在另一个实验中，惩罚首先在两个组成部分都没有编程，然后在一个组成部分中编程，然后在两个组成部分中编程，最后在另一个组成部分中编程。每次连续循环，恢复的程度都会降低。结论是，如果忽略短暂的情绪状态，奖励和惩罚在效果上是对称的。
Zotero 插件