Manoogian Sarah, McNeely David, Duma Stefan, Brolinson Gunnar, Greenwald Richard
Virginia Tech - Wake Forest, Center for Injury Biomechanics, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Biomed Sci Instrum. 2006;42:383-8.
Sports-related concussions constitute 20 percent of brain injuries each year in the United States. Concussion research has included a variety of instrumentation and techniques to measure head accelerations. Most recently, the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System (Simbex, Lebanon, NH), a wireless system that provides real-time data from impacts, is used to measure in-situ head accelerations in collegiate football. The purpose of this study is to compare helmet shell acceleration to head center of gravity acceleration using two measures of linear head acceleration. A study of 50 helmet to helmet impact tests using a pendulum provided a range of head accelerations from 5 g to 50 g. The primary measure of head acceleration is accelerometers mounted at the center of gravity of the Hybrid III head. A secondary measure is the in-helmet HIT System. The series of 50 pendulum impacts included three impact velocities of 2.0 m/s, 3.5 m/s and 5.0 m/s at four different impact locations. The impact locations were on the side, back, top and just above the facemask on the front. By comparing these two measured head accelerations and the helmet acceleration during a pendulum impact, it is shown that the response of the head and the helmet vary greatly and the in-helmet system matches the head and not helmet acceleration. Specifically, head acceleration is less than 10 percent of helmet acceleration in football impacts; moreover, the HIT System is able to accurately measure the head acceleration.
在美国,与运动相关的脑震荡每年占脑损伤的20%。脑震荡研究采用了各种仪器和技术来测量头部加速度。最近,头部撞击遥测(HIT)系统(Simbex公司,新罕布什尔州黎巴嫩),一种能提供撞击实时数据的无线系统,被用于测量大学橄榄球比赛中现场的头部加速度。本研究的目的是使用两种线性头部加速度测量方法,比较头盔外壳加速度和头部重心加速度。一项使用摆锤进行的50次头盔对头盔撞击测试的研究,提供了5g至50g的一系列头部加速度。头部加速度的主要测量方法是在混合III型头部重心处安装加速度计。次要测量方法是头盔内的HIT系统。这50次摆锤撞击系列包括在四个不同撞击位置的2.0m/s、3.5m/s和5.0m/s三种撞击速度。撞击位置分别在侧面、背面、顶部以及面罩前方上方。通过比较这两种测量的头部加速度以及摆锤撞击时的头盔加速度,结果表明头部和头盔的响应差异很大,头盔内系统匹配的是头部加速度而非头盔加速度。具体而言,在橄榄球撞击中,头部加速度小于头盔加速度的10%;此外,HIT系统能够准确测量头部加速度。