Hopkins William D
Department of Psychology, Berry College and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Psychol Bull. 2006 Jul;132(4):538-59. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.132.4.538.
Historically, population-level handedness has been considered a hallmark of human evolution. Whether nonhuman primates exhibit population-level handedness remains a topic of considerable debate. This paper summarizes published data on handedness in great apes. Comparative analysis indicated that chimpanzees and bonobos show population-level right handedness, whereas gorillas and orangutans do not. All ape species showed evidence of population-level handedness when considering specific tasks. Familial analyses in chimpanzees indicated that offspring and maternal (but not paternal) handedness was significantly positively correlated, but this finding was contingent upon the classification criteria used to evaluate hand preference. Overall, the proportion of right handedness is lower in great apes compared with humans, and various methodological and theoretical explanations for this discrepancy are discussed.
从历史上看，群体层面的用手习惯一直被视为人类进化的一个标志。非人类灵长类动物是否表现出群体层面的用手习惯仍是一个备受争议的话题。本文总结了已发表的关于大型猿类用手习惯的数据。比较分析表明，黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩表现出群体层面的右利手，而大猩猩和猩猩则不然。在考虑特定任务时，所有猿类物种都显示出群体层面用手习惯的证据。对黑猩猩的家族分析表明，后代与母亲（而非父亲）的用手习惯呈显著正相关，但这一发现取决于用于评估手偏好的分类标准。总体而言，与人类相比，大型猿类中右利手的比例较低，本文还讨论了对此差异的各种方法学和理论解释。
