Klein S, Kinney J, Jeejeebhoy K, Alpers D, Hellerstein M, Murray M, Twomey P
Clin Nutr. 1997 Aug;16(4):193-218. doi: 10.1016/s0261-5614(97)80006-4.
In the last 30 years, marked advances in enteral feeding techniques, venous access, and enteral and parenteral nutrient formulations have made it possible to provide nutrition support to almost all patients. Despite the abundant medical literature and widespread use of nutritional therapy, many areas of nutrition support remain controversial. Therefore, the leadership at the National Institutes of Health, The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, and The American Society for Clinical Nutrition convened an advisory committee to perform a critical review of the current medical literature evaluating the clinical use of nutrition support; the goal was to assess our current body of knowledge and to identify the issues that deserve further investigation. The panel was divided into five groups to evaluate the following areas: nutrition assessment, nutrition support in patients with gastrointestinal diseases, nutrition support in wasting diseases, nutrition support in critically ill patients, and perioperative nutrition support. The findings from each group are summarized in this report. This document is not meant to establish practice guidelines for nutrition support. The use of nutritional therapy requires a careful integration of data from pertinent clinical trials, clinical expertise in the illness or injury being treated, clinical expertise in nutritional therapy, and input from the patient and his/her family.
在过去30年里，肠内营养技术、静脉通路以及肠内和肠外营养制剂都取得了显著进展，这使得几乎所有患者都能获得营养支持。尽管有大量医学文献以及营养疗法的广泛应用，但营养支持的许多领域仍存在争议。因此，美国国立卫生研究院、美国肠外和肠内营养学会以及美国临床营养学会的领导层召集了一个咨询委员会，对评估营养支持临床应用的当前医学文献进行严格审查；目的是评估我们目前的知识体系，并确定值得进一步研究的问题。该小组分为五个小组，以评估以下领域：营养评估、胃肠道疾病患者的营养支持、消耗性疾病的营养支持、重症患者的营养支持以及围手术期营养支持。本报告总结了每个小组的研究结果。本文件并非旨在制定营养支持的实践指南。营养疗法的使用需要仔细整合来自相关临床试验的数据、所治疗疾病或损伤的临床专业知识、营养疗法的临床专业知识以及患者及其家属的意见。
