D'Aiuto F, Graziani F, Tetè S, Gabriele M, Tonetti M S
Periodontology Unit, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK.
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2005 Jul-Sep;18(3 Suppl):1-11.
Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease, characterized by the progressive loss of the teeth's supporting tissues, affecting almost 40% of the entire adult population. An imbalance between a localized gram-negative infection and an exaggerated host inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in determining gingival tissue damage. Recent evidence suggests that the effect of periodontitis might not be limited just to the oral cavity but it might have systemic consequences. Indeed periodontitis has also been associated with a moderate systemic inflammatory response. Although the mechanisms behind this association remain unclear, periodontitis might represent one distant source of low-grade systemic inflammation. This association could explain the increased risk of future cardiovascular diseases observed, the impaired metabolic control in diabetes subjects and the adverse pregnancy outcomes observed in populations suffering from periodontitis. In this review we describe the pathophysiological processes involved in periodontitis and briefly review the evidence produced to support an association between periodontitis and systemic diseases.
牙周炎是一种慢性感染性疾病，其特征是牙齿支持组织逐渐丧失，影响了近40%的成年人口。局部革兰氏阴性感染与过度的宿主炎症反应之间的失衡在决定牙龈组织损伤方面起着关键作用。最近的证据表明，牙周炎的影响可能不仅限于口腔，还可能产生全身性后果。事实上，牙周炎还与中度全身性炎症反应有关。尽管这种关联背后的机制尚不清楚，但牙周炎可能是低度全身性炎症的一个遥远来源。这种关联可以解释观察到的未来心血管疾病风险增加、糖尿病患者代谢控制受损以及牙周炎患者人群中观察到的不良妊娠结局。在这篇综述中，我们描述了牙周炎所涉及的病理生理过程，并简要回顾了支持牙周炎与全身性疾病之间关联的证据。
