美国超重和肥胖成年人中全氟和多氟烷基物质浓度的时间趋势：来自糖尿病预防计划和 NHANES 的结果。
Temporal trends of concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances among adults with overweight and obesity in the United States: Results from the Diabetes Prevention Program and NHANES.
机构信息
Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
出版信息
Environ Int. 2021 Dec;157:106789. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106789. Epub 2021 Jul 29.
BACKGROUND
Understanding the temporal trends and change of concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is important to evaluate the health impact of PFAS at both the individual- and population-level, however, limited information is available for pre-diabetic adults in the U.S.
OBJECTIVES
Determine trends and rate of change of plasma PFAS concentrations in overweight or obese U.S. adults and evaluate variation by sex, race/ethnicity, and age.
METHODS
We described temporal trends of plasma PFAS concentrations using samples collected in 1996-1998, 1999-2001, and 2011-2012 from 957 pre-diabetic adults enrolled in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) trial and Outcomes Study (DPPOS) and compared to serum concentrations from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1999-2000, 2003-2016, adults with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m). We examined associations between participants' characteristics and PFAS concentrations and estimated the rate of change using repeated measures in DPP/DPPOS assuming a first-order elimination model.
RESULTS
Longitudinal measures of PFAS concentrations in DPP/DPPOS individuals were comparable to NHANES cross-sectional populational means. Plasma concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS), N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (EtFOSAA), and N-methylperfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (MeFOSAA) started to decline after the year 2000 and concentrations of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) increased after 2000 and, for NHANES, decreased after 2012. We consistently observed higher PFOS, PFHxS and PFNA among male, compared to female, and higher PFOS and PFNA among Black, compared to white, participants. The estimated time for concentrations to decrease by half ranged from 3.39 years for EtFOSAA to 17.56 years for PFHxS.
DISCUSSION
We observed a downward temporal trend in plasma PFOS concentrations that was consistent with the timing for U.S. manufacturers' phaseout. Male and Black participants consistently showed higher PFOS and PFNA than female and white participants, likely due to differences in exposure patterns, metabolism or elimination kinetics.
背景
了解全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）的浓度随时间的变化趋势对于评估个体和人群水平的 PFAS 健康影响非常重要，但美国仅有有限的关于糖尿病前期成年人的数据。
目的
确定超重或肥胖的美国成年人血浆 PFAS 浓度的变化趋势和变化率，并评估其性别、种族和年龄的差异。
方法
我们使用 1996-1998 年、1999-2001 年和 2011-2012 年糖尿病预防计划（DPP）试验和结果研究（DPPOS）中 957 名糖尿病前期成年人的样本描述了血浆 PFAS 浓度的时间趋势，并将其与国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES 1999-2000 年、2003-2016 年，BMI≥24kg/m 的成年人）中的血清浓度进行了比较。我们研究了参与者特征与 PFAS 浓度之间的关系，并假设采用一阶消除模型，使用 DPP/DPPOS 的重复测量来估计变化率。
结果
DPP/DPPOS 个体的纵向 PFAS 浓度测量值与 NHANES 横断面人群平均值相当。全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）、N-乙基全氟辛烷磺酰胺基乙酸（EtFOSAA）和 N-甲基全氟辛烷磺酰胺基乙酸（MeFOSAA）的血浆浓度在 2000 年后开始下降，而全氟壬酸（PFNA）的浓度在 2000 年后上升，而在 NHANES 中则在 2012 年后下降。我们一致观察到男性参与者的 PFOS、PFHxS 和 PFNA 浓度高于女性，黑人参与者的 PFOS 和 PFNA 浓度高于白人参与者。浓度减半所需的估计时间范围从 EtFOSAA 的 3.39 年到 PFHxS 的 17.56 年。
讨论
我们观察到血浆 PFOS 浓度呈下降趋势，与美国制造商逐步淘汰的时间一致。男性和黑人参与者的 PFOS 和 PFNA 浓度始终高于女性和白人参与者，这可能是由于暴露模式、代谢或消除动力学的差异所致。
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