Winters-Stone Kerri M, Snow Christine M
Bone Research Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Exercise Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
Bone. 2006 Dec;39(6):1203-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2006.06.005. Epub 2006 Jul 28.
We studied the response of bone at specific skeletal sites to either lower body exercise alone or complemented with upper body exercise in premenopausal women. Thirty-five exercisers and 24 age-matched controls completed the 12-month study. Exercising women (N = 35) were randomly assigned to either lower body resistance plus jump exercise (LOWER) (N = 19) or to lower and upper body resistance plus jump exercise (UPPER + LOWER) (N = 16). Exercisers trained three times per week completing 100 jumps and 100 repetitions of lower body resistance with or without 100 repetitions of upper body resistance exercise at each session. Intensity for lower body exercise was increased using weighted vests for jump and resistance exercises, respectively. Intensity for upper body exercise was increased using greater levels of tautness in elastic bands. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the total hip, greater trochanter, femoral neck, lumbar spine and whole body were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic QDR-1000/W) at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Data were analyzed first including all enrolled participants who completed follow-up testing and secondly including only those women whose average attendance was > or =60% of prescribed sessions. Group differences in 12-month %change scores for BMD variables were analyzed by univariate ANCOVA adjusted for baseline differences in age. Post hoc tests were performed to determine which groups differed from one another. Initial analysis showed significant differences in greater trochanter BMD between each exercise group and controls, but not between exercise groups (2.7%+/-2.5% and 2.2%+/-2.8% vs. 0.7%+/-1.7%, for LOWER and UPPER + LOWER vs. controls, respectively; p < 0.02) and near significant group differences at the spine (p = 0.06). Excluding exercisers with low compliance, group differences at the greater trochanter remained, while spine BMD in UPPER + LOWER was significantly different from LOWER and controls, who were not significantly different from one another (1.4%+/-3.9% vs. -0.9%+/-1.7% and -0.6%+/-1.8%, for UPPER + LOWER vs. LOWER and controls, respectively; p < 0.05). No significant differences among groups were found for femoral neck, total hip or whole body BMD. Our data support the site-specific response of spine and hip bone density to upper and lower body exercise training, respectively. These data could contribute to a site-specific exercise prescription for bone health.
我们研究了绝经前女性特定骨骼部位的骨骼对单独的下身运动或下身运动辅以全身运动的反应。35名运动者和24名年龄匹配的对照者完成了这项为期12个月的研究。运动女性（N = 35）被随机分为下身阻力加跳跃运动组（LOWER）（N = 19）或下身和上身阻力加跳跃运动组（UPPER + LOWER）（N = 16）。运动者每周训练三次，每次完成100次跳跃和100次下身阻力训练，有或没有100次上身阻力训练。下身运动的强度分别通过在跳跃和阻力训练中使用加重背心来增加。上身运动的强度通过增加弹力带的张力来增加。在基线、6个月和12个月时，使用双能X线吸收法（Hologic QDR - 1000/W）测量全髋、大转子、股骨颈、腰椎和全身的骨密度（BMD）。首先对包括所有完成随访测试的入选参与者的数据进行分析，其次仅分析那些平均出勤率≥规定课程60%的女性的数据。对BMD变量的12个月变化百分比得分的组间差异进行单因素协方差分析，并根据年龄的基线差异进行调整。进行事后检验以确定哪些组之间存在差异。初步分析显示，每个运动组与对照组之间大转子BMD存在显著差异，但运动组之间无差异（LOWER组和UPPER + LOWER组分别为2.7%±2.5%和2.2%±2.8%，对照组为0.7%±1.7%；p < 0.02），脊柱处组间差异接近显著（p = 0.06）。排除依从性低的运动者后，大转子处的组间差异仍然存在，而UPPER + LOWER组的脊柱BMD与LOWER组和对照组有显著差异，LOWER组和对照组之间无显著差异（UPPER + LOWER组分别为1.4%±3.9%，LOWER组为 - 0.9%±1.7%，对照组为 - 0.6%±1.8%；p < 0.05）。股骨颈、全髋或全身BMD在各组之间未发现显著差异。我们的数据支持脊柱和髋部骨密度分别对上身和下身运动训练的部位特异性反应。这些数据可能有助于制定针对骨骼健康的部位特异性运动处方。
