Yeum Kyung-Jin, Ju Seyoung, Choe Uyory
Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2025 Apr;19(2):155-169. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2025.19.2.155. Epub 2025 Mar 13.
Calcium and vitamin D are essential nutrients for maintaining skeletal health, yet deficiencies in these nutrients are particularly widespread in regions such as Asia and Africa. Inadequate intake of these nutrients in these areas has been associated with diminished bone integrity and a rising incidence of osteoporosis. This review examines the underlying mechanisms of bone loss driven by calcium and vitamin D deficiencies, emphasizing their crucial roles in bone metabolism. It also presents strategies to improve nutrient intake, such as fortification of staple foods and supplementation, along with lifestyle modifications including increased physical activity, sun exposure, and dietary education, to prevent bone loss effectively. Special consideration is given to vulnerable populations, including older adults, individuals with limited sun exposure, and those with dietary restrictions, who are at higher risk of deficiency. The review further evaluates public health strategies, including government-initiated fortification and educational programs, as essential measures for tackling widespread nutrient deficiencies. Lastly, it explores future avenues for addressing calcium and vitamin D deficiencies, including the potential role of digital health tools, personalized nutrition, and innovative public health policies to alleviate the global burden of bone-related diseases.
钙和维生素D是维持骨骼健康的必需营养素，但在亚洲和非洲等地区，这些营养素的缺乏尤为普遍。这些地区这些营养素摄入不足与骨完整性下降和骨质疏松症发病率上升有关。本综述探讨了钙和维生素D缺乏导致骨质流失的潜在机制，强调了它们在骨代谢中的关键作用。它还提出了改善营养素摄入的策略，如主食强化和补充剂，以及生活方式的改变，包括增加体育活动、晒太阳和饮食教育，以有效预防骨质流失。特别关注了弱势群体，包括老年人、日照有限的个体以及有饮食限制的人，他们缺乏营养素的风险更高。该综述进一步评估了公共卫生策略，包括政府发起的强化和教育项目，作为应对广泛存在的营养素缺乏的重要措施。最后，它探索了应对钙和维生素D缺乏的未来途径，包括数字健康工具、个性化营养和创新公共卫生政策在减轻全球骨相关疾病负担方面的潜在作用。
