Ekblom B, Ekblom O, Malm C
Astrand Laboratory, University College of Physical Education and Sports, Stockholm, Sweden.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006 Aug;16(4):287-93. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00490.x.
The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of self-reported infectious episodes (IE) during 3 weeks before (pre-IE) and 3 weeks after (post-IE) a marathon race and relate these figures to training status, running time, socioeconomic and demographic factors. Two questionnaires, including questions about important factors for IE incidence, were given to a representative cohort of 1694 runners (17% of all finishers) in the Stockholm Marathon 2000. Pre-IE incidence in the cohort was 17% with no difference between women and men. Post-IE incidence in the whole cohort was 19% with no significant (P>0.05) difference between women and men. The post-IE incidence in runners without a pre-IE was 16% (P>0.05 to pre-IE incidence). In the group of runners with pre-IE, 33% experienced an IE after the race also (P<0.05 to Pre-IE incidence). A logistic regression analysis showed that younger age and pre race health status and, for men only, experienced nausea during and after the race were depended factors explaining post-IE incidence. Younger runners were more prone to experience IE both before and after the race. There was no relation between training volume 6 months before the race, finishing time and socioeconomic and demographic factors and pre-IE or post-IE. This study does not support the theory of increased infection rate after exhaustive long-distance running ("The Open Window Theory") in recreational runners, but suggests that the sometimes experienced increased rate of infections among athletes can be caused by strenuous exercise too soon after an infection.
本研究的目的是调查在马拉松比赛前3周（赛前）和比赛后3周（赛后）自我报告的感染性发作（IE）的发生率，并将这些数据与训练状态、跑步时间、社会经济和人口统计学因素相关联。向2000年斯德哥尔摩马拉松赛中1694名跑步者（占所有完赛者的17%）的代表性队列发放了两份问卷，其中包括有关IE发生率重要因素的问题。该队列中赛前IE发生率为17%，男女之间无差异。整个队列中赛后IE发生率为19%，男女之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。赛前无IE的跑步者赛后IE发生率为16%（与赛前发生率相比，P>0.05）。在赛前有IE的跑步者组中，33%的人赛后也经历了IE（与赛前发生率相比，P<0.05）。逻辑回归分析表明，年龄较小、赛前健康状况以及（仅针对男性）在比赛期间和赛后经历恶心是解释赛后IE发生率的相关因素。年轻的跑步者在赛前和赛后都更容易经历IE。赛前6个月的训练量、完赛时间以及社会经济和人口统计学因素与赛前或赛后IE均无关联。本研究不支持休闲跑步者在高强度长跑后感染率增加的理论（“开窗理论”），但表明运动员中有时经历的感染率增加可能是由感染后过早进行剧烈运动引起的。
