Malik Vasanti S, Schulze Matthias B, Hu Frank B
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Aug;84(2):274-88. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/84.1.274.
Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), particularly carbonated soft drinks, may be a key contributor to the epidemic of overweight and obesity, by virtue of these beverages' high added sugar content, low satiety, and incomplete compensation for total energy. Whether an association exists between SSB intake and weight gain is unclear. We searched English-language MEDLINE publications from 1966 through May 2005 for cross-sectional, prospective cohort, and experimental studies of the relation between SSBs and the risk of weight gain (ie, overweight, obesity, or both). Thirty publications (15 cross-sectional, 10 prospective, and 5 experimental) were selected on the basis of relevance and quality of design and methods. Findings from large cross-sectional studies, in conjunction with those from well-powered prospective cohort studies with long periods of follow-up, show a positive association between greater intakes of SSBs and weight gain and obesity in both children and adults. Findings from short-term feeding trials in adults also support an induction of positive energy balance and weight gain by intake of sugar-sweetened sodas, but these trials are few. A school-based intervention found significantly less soft-drink consumption and prevalence of obese and overweight children in the intervention group than in control subjects after 12 mo, and a recent 25-week randomized controlled trial in adolescents found further evidence linking SSB intake to body weight. The weight of epidemiologic and experimental evidence indicates that a greater consumption of SSBs is associated with weight gain and obesity. Although more research is needed, sufficient evidence exists for public health strategies to discourage consumption of sugary drinks as part of a healthy lifestyle.
饮用含糖饮料（SSB），尤其是碳酸软饮料，可能是超重和肥胖流行的一个关键因素，因为这些饮料添加糖含量高、饱腹感低且不能完全补偿总能量。目前尚不清楚SSB摄入量与体重增加之间是否存在关联。我们检索了1966年至2005年5月期间英文的MEDLINE出版物，以查找关于SSB与体重增加风险（即超重、肥胖或两者兼有）之间关系的横断面研究、前瞻性队列研究和实验研究。根据设计和方法的相关性及质量，挑选出30篇出版物（15篇横断面研究、10篇前瞻性研究和5篇实验研究）。大型横断面研究的结果，连同那些随访期长、样本量充足的前瞻性队列研究的结果表明，儿童和成人中，SSB摄入量增加与体重增加及肥胖之间呈正相关。成人短期喂养试验的结果也支持摄入含糖汽水会导致正能量平衡和体重增加，但这类试验较少。一项基于学校的干预措施发现，干预组在12个月后软饮料消费量以及肥胖和超重儿童的患病率均显著低于对照组，最近一项针对青少年的为期25周的随机对照试验进一步证明了SSB摄入量与体重之间的关联。流行病学和实验证据表明，更多地饮用SSB与体重增加和肥胖有关。尽管还需要更多研究，但已有足够证据支持公共卫生策略劝阻人们饮用含糖饮料，将其作为健康生活方式的一部分。
