Copetta Andrea, Lingua Guido, Berta Graziella
Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", via Bellini 25/G, Alessandria, I-15100, Italy.
Mycorrhiza. 2006 Oct;16(7):485-494. doi: 10.1007/s00572-006-0065-6. Epub 2006 Aug 8.
The essential oils of basil are widely used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food, and flavoring industries. Little is known about the potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to affect their production in this aromatic plant. The effects of colonization by three AM fungi, Glomus mosseae BEG 12, Gigaspora margarita BEG 34, and Gigaspora rosea BEG 9 on shoot and root biomass, abundance of glandular hairs, and essential oil yield of Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese were studied. Plant P content was analyzed in the various treatments and no differences were observed. The AM fungi induced various modifications in the considered parameters, but only Gi. rosea significantly affected all of them in comparison to control plants or the other fungal treatments. It significantly increased biomass, root branching and length, and the total amount of essential oil (especially alpha-terpineol). Increased oil yield was associated to a significantly larger number of peltate glandular trichomes (main sites of essential oil synthesis) in the basal and central leaf zones. Furthermore, Gi. margarita and Gi. rosea increased the percentage of eugenol and reduced linalool yield. Results showed that different fungi can induce different effects in the same plant and that the essential oil yield can be modulated according to the colonizing AM fungus.
罗勒精油广泛应用于化妆品、制药、食品和调味行业。关于丛枝菌根（AM）真菌对这种芳香植物精油产量的影响，人们所知甚少。研究了三种AM真菌，即摩西球囊霉BEG 12、珠状巨孢囊霉BEG 34和玫瑰巨孢囊霉BEG 9对罗勒Ocimum basilicum L. var. Genovese地上部和根部生物量、腺毛数量以及精油产量的影响。分析了不同处理下植物的磷含量，未观察到差异。AM真菌对所考虑的参数产生了各种变化，但与对照植物或其他真菌处理相比，只有玫瑰巨孢囊霉对所有参数都有显著影响。它显著增加了生物量、根分支和长度以及精油总量（尤其是α-松油醇）。精油产量的增加与基部和中部叶区盾状腺毛（精油合成的主要部位）数量的显著增加有关。此外，珠状巨孢囊霉和玫瑰巨孢囊霉提高了丁香酚的百分比并降低了芳樟醇的产量。结果表明，不同的真菌可在同一植物中诱导不同的效应，并且精油产量可根据定殖的AM真菌进行调节。
