González A M, Cabrera V M, Larruga J M, Tounkara A, Noumsi G, Thomas B N, Moulds J M
Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
Ann Hum Genet. 2006 Sep;70(Pt 5):631-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00259.x.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation was analyzed in Mauritania and Mali, and compared to other West African samples covering the considerable geographic, ethnic and linguistic diversity of this region. The Mauritanian mtDNA profile shows that 55% of their lineages have a west Eurasian provenance, with the U6 cluster (17%) being the best represented. Only 6% of the sub-Saharan sequences belong to the L3A haplogroup a frequency similar to other Berber speaking groups but significantly different to the Arabic speaking North Africans. The historic Arab slave trade may be the main cause of this difference. Only one HV west Eurasian lineage has been detected in Mali but 40% of the sub-Saharan sequences belong to cluster L3A. The presence of L0a representatives demonstrates gene flow from eastern regions. Although both groups speak related dialects of the Mande branch, significant genetic differences exist between the Bambara and Malinke groups. The West African genetic variation is well structured by geography and language, but more detailed ethnolinguistic clustering suggest that geography is the main factor responsible for this differentiation.
对毛里塔尼亚和马里的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）变异进行了分析，并与覆盖该地区相当大地理、种族和语言多样性的其他西非样本进行了比较。毛里塔尼亚的mtDNA图谱显示，其55%的谱系起源于西欧亚大陆，其中U6簇（17%）占比最大。撒哈拉以南序列中只有6%属于L3A单倍群，这一频率与其他说柏柏尔语的群体相似，但与说阿拉伯语的北非群体有显著差异。历史上的阿拉伯奴隶贸易可能是造成这种差异的主要原因。在马里仅检测到一个HV西欧亚谱系，但40%的撒哈拉以南序列属于L3A簇。L0a代表的存在表明有来自东部地区的基因流动。尽管这两个群体都说曼德分支的相关方言，但班巴拉族和马林凯族之间存在显著的基因差异。西非的遗传变异在地理和语言上有很好的结构，但更详细的民族语言聚类表明，地理是造成这种分化的主要因素。
