Fincham Jon M, Anderson John R
Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 22;103(34):12941-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0605493103. Epub 2006 Aug 16.
The purpose of the present work is to study the functional roles of two predefined regions of interest: one in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) that seems to reflect goal-relevant control demand, and one in the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) that reflects memory retrieval demand. Two slow event-related brain imaging experiments were conducted, adapting a cognitive skill acquisition paradigm. Experiment 1 found that both left ACC and left PFC activity increased parametrically with task difficulty. Using a slight modification of the same basic paradigm, Experiment 2 attempted to decouple retrieval and control demands over the course of learning. Participants were imaged early in training and again several days later, after substantial additional training in the task. There was a clear dissociation between activity in the left PFC and the left ACC. Although the PFC region showed a substantial decrease in activity over the course of learning, reflecting greater ease of retrieval, the ACC showed the opposite pattern of results with significantly greater activity after training, reflecting increased control demand. Moreover, the increased response in the ACC occurred when errors and latencies were smallest.
一个位于左侧前扣带回皮质（ACC），似乎反映与目标相关的控制需求；另一个位于左侧前额叶皮质（PFC），反映记忆检索需求。采用认知技能习得范式进行了两项缓慢的事件相关脑成像实验。实验1发现，左侧ACC和左侧PFC的活动均随任务难度呈参数性增加。实验2对相同的基本范式稍作修改，试图在学习过程中分离检索和控制需求。在训练初期对参与者进行成像，在对该任务进行大量额外训练几天后再次成像。左侧PFC和左侧ACC的活动出现了明显的分离。尽管PFC区域在学习过程中活动大幅下降，反映出检索变得更加容易，但ACC呈现出相反的结果模式，训练后活动显著增加，反映出控制需求增加。此外，ACC中反应增强出现在错误和反应时最短的时候。
