Ling Walter, Rawson Richard, Shoptaw Steve, Ling Walter
Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California-Los Angeles, 11075 Santa Monica Boulevard, Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2006 Oct;8(5):345-54. doi: 10.1007/s11920-006-0035-x.
Preliminary implications for evidence-based treatments and future practice may be drawn from new research findings that inspire a fresh view of methamphetamine dependence and associated medical consequences. Current user populations include increasingly impacted subgroups (ie, youths, women, men who have sex with men, and rural residents); complex consequences of methamphetamine abuse among these subgroups require additional efforts involving contextual understanding of characteristics and needs to develop effective treatments. The neurobiological data on cellular activity of methamphetamine taken with findings from neuroimaging studies indicate potential targets for pharmacologic interventions. In early trials, several candidate medications--bupropion, modafinil, and, to a lesser extent, baclofen--have shown promise in treating aspects of methamphetamine dependence, including aiding memory function necessary to more effectively participate in and benefit from behavioral therapies. Clinicians and researchers must interact to efficiently address the problems of methamphetamine dependence, a major drug problem in the United States and the world.
基于证据的治疗方法和未来实践的初步启示或许可以从新的研究发现中得出，这些发现激发了对甲基苯丙胺依赖及相关医学后果的全新看法。当前的用户群体包括受影响日益严重的亚群体（即青少年、女性、男同性恋者和农村居民）；这些亚群体中甲基苯丙胺滥用的复杂后果需要做出更多努力，包括从背景角度了解其特征和需求，以开发有效的治疗方法。关于甲基苯丙胺细胞活性的神经生物学数据以及神经影像学研究的结果表明了药物干预的潜在靶点。在早期试验中，几种候选药物——安非他酮、莫达非尼，以及在较小程度上的巴氯芬——在治疗甲基苯丙胺依赖的某些方面已显示出前景，包括帮助改善记忆功能，以便更有效地参与行为疗法并从中受益。临床医生和研究人员必须相互协作，以有效解决甲基苯丙胺依赖问题，这是美国乃至全球的一个主要毒品问题。
