Wilde D
Alltech UK Ltd., Alltech House, Ryhall Road, Stamford, Lincolnshire PE9 1TZ, UK.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2006 Dec;96(3-4):240-9. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.08.004. Epub 2006 Aug 3.
Infertility in dairy cattle is a complex, multi-factorial problem that cannot be evaluated in isolation of other diseases and disorders. Clearly there is a role for the prevention of problems in the peri-parturient period, in particular hypocalcaemia, mastitis, lameness and retained placenta (RP), that all have a negative impact on the subsequent fertility of the cow. Minerals, trace elements and vitamins play a vital role in the prevention of these disorders at this time. Macro minerals are involved in the acid base status of the dairy cow and influence calcium metabolism. The use of anionic salts in combination with adequate calcium and magnesium supplementation may help to improve dry matter intakes and reduce negative energy balance in the post-calving period as well as prevent hypocalcaemia. Vitamin E and zinc are effective in prevention of mastitis that occurs predominantly in the first weeks of lactation, through enhanced antioxidant function and keratinisation of the teat canal. Lameness in dairy cattle also occurs mainly in lactation though most of the original insults to the hoof can occur prior to calving. Zinc and biotin are implicated in improving keratinisation of the hoof and prevention of this disease. Organic forms of zinc are retained better than inorganic sources and may provide greater benefit in disease prevention. Retained placenta can be reduced by prevention of hypocalcaemia and also adequate selenium status of the dairy cow. Selenium yeast is known to have higher retention in tissues and may play an important role in ensuring sufficient selenium is available to the cow for reduction of disease.
奶牛不孕症是一个复杂的多因素问题，不能脱离其他疾病和紊乱单独进行评估。显然，围产期问题的预防，特别是低钙血症、乳腺炎、跛行和胎衣不下（RP），都对奶牛随后的繁殖力有负面影响，而矿物质、微量元素和维生素在预防这些紊乱方面起着至关重要的作用。常量矿物质参与奶牛的酸碱平衡状态并影响钙代谢。使用阴离子盐并补充足够的钙和镁，可能有助于提高干物质摄入量，减少产后期的负能量平衡，并预防低钙血症。维生素E和锌可通过增强抗氧化功能和使乳头管角质化，有效预防主要发生在泌乳初期的乳腺炎。奶牛跛行也主要发生在泌乳期，不过对蹄部的大多数原发性损伤可能在产犊前就已出现。锌和生物素与改善蹄部角质化及预防该病有关。有机形式的锌比无机来源的锌保留得更好，在疾病预防方面可能提供更大益处。预防低钙血症以及使奶牛保持充足的硒水平，可以减少胎衣不下的情况。已知硒酵母在组织中的保留率更高，可能在确保奶牛获得足够的硒以减少疾病方面发挥重要作用。
