Spears Jerry W, Weiss William P
Department of Animal Science and Interdepartmental Nutrition Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7621, USA.
Vet J. 2008 Apr;176(1):70-6. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.12.015. Epub 2008 Mar 5.
A number of antioxidants and trace minerals have important roles in immune function and may affect health in transition dairy cows. Vitamin E and beta-carotene are important cellular antioxidants. Selenium (Se) is involved in the antioxidant system via its role in the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. Inadequate dietary vitamin E or Se decreases neutrophil function during the perpariturient period. Supplementation of vitamin E and/or Se has reduced the incidence of mastitis and retained placenta, and reduced duration of clinical symptoms of mastitis in some experiments. Research has indicated that beta-carotene supplementation may enhance immunity and reduce the incidence of retained placenta and metritis in dairy cows. Marginal copper deficiency resulted in reduced neutrophil killing and decreased interferon production by mononuclear cells. Copper supplementation of a diet marginal in copper reduced the peak clinical response during experimental Escherichia coli mastitis. Limited research indicated that chromium supplementation during the transition period may increase immunity and reduce the incidence of retained placenta.
许多抗氧化剂和微量矿物质在免疫功能中发挥着重要作用，并且可能影响围产期奶牛的健康。维生素E和β-胡萝卜素是重要的细胞抗氧化剂。硒（Se）通过在谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶中发挥作用而参与抗氧化系统。围产期日粮中维生素E或硒不足会降低中性粒细胞功能。在一些实验中，补充维生素E和/或硒降低了乳腺炎和胎盘滞留的发生率，并缩短了乳腺炎临床症状的持续时间。研究表明，补充β-胡萝卜素可能增强奶牛的免疫力，并降低胎盘滞留和子宫炎的发生率。边缘性铜缺乏会导致中性粒细胞杀伤力降低以及单核细胞产生的干扰素减少。在铜含量处于边缘水平的日粮中补充铜，可降低实验性大肠杆菌乳腺炎期间的临床反应峰值。有限的研究表明，围产期补充铬可能会增强免疫力并降低胎盘滞留的发生率。
