Jaspersen D
Division of Gastroenterology, Academic Teaching Hospital, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2006 Sep;52(3):269-74.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition that affects about 20-30% of the adult population, presenting with a broad spectrum of symptoms and varying degrees of severity and frequency. Other manifestations are being increasingly recognized: the so-called ''extraesophageal'' manifestations, such as laryngitis, hoarseness, chronic cough, asthma, or non-cardiac chest pain. Epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate significant associations between pulmonary manifestations and GERD. Up to 50% of patients with an endoscopically proven esophagitis suffer from symptoms other than heartburn or acid regurgitation. However, the published estimates of extraesophageal disorders in patients with GERD vary widely, which may be a result of referral bias. The most effective initial approach in suspected reflux-related extraesophageal symptoms is empiric proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. However, studies demonstrated that the advantage of long-term PPI treatment over placebo could have been overestimated.
胃食管反流病（GERD）是一种常见疾病，影响约20%-30%的成年人口，症状表现广泛，严重程度和发作频率各不相同。其他表现也越来越受到认可：即所谓的“食管外”表现，如喉炎、声音嘶哑、慢性咳嗽、哮喘或非心源性胸痛。流行病学研究一致表明肺部表现与GERD之间存在显著关联。在内镜检查证实为食管炎的患者中，高达50%的患者存在烧心或反酸以外的症状。然而，已发表的GERD患者食管外疾病的估计值差异很大，这可能是转诊偏倚的结果。对于疑似与反流相关的食管外症状，最有效的初始方法是经验性使用质子泵抑制剂（PPI）治疗。然而，研究表明，长期使用PPI治疗相对于安慰剂的优势可能被高估了。
