Santa-Clara Helena, Szymanski Linda, Ordille Tiffany, Fernhall Bo
Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Human Movement, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon 1499-002, Portugal.
Metabolism. 2006 Oct;55(10):1358-64. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2006.06.006.
Ambiguous findings have been reported in previous studies concerning the relationships between resting metabolic rate (RMR), effects of exercise, and race in postmenopausal women. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the effect of exercise training on RMR in postmenopausal women and (2) to determine whether this effect is different by race. We analyzed data from 24 African American (AA) (age, 56.3 +/- 5.0 years) and 23 Caucasian (CA) (age, 58.6 +/- 6.1 years) women. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry after an overnight fast. Subjects completed tests of maximal exercise with metabolic measurements, waist to hip ratio, and body composition. At the completion of all tests, each subject was randomly assigned to either the exercise training or the control group. Aerobic exercise was performed 3 to 4 days per week for 6 months. Intensity was set at 70% to 85% maximal heart rate for 45 to 60 minutes per session. Both AA and CA exercise groups had a significant decrease (P < .05) in body weight (kilograms), percent body fat, and body mass index (BMI) and an increase in aerobic capacity, whereas the control groups did not change. There were no race effects. AA women exhibited significantly lower values than CA women for measured RMR (P < .05). The RMR (kilojoules) of the AA women (both control and exercise groups) decreased over time (P < .05), whereas the RMR of the CA women did not change. Adjusting RMR for BMI or for changes in lean body mass and fat mass did not alter these results. In conclusion, this 6-month endurance-training program did not affect RMR in these postmenopausal women, as RMR did not change in CA women, but decreased significantly over time in both groups of AA women. The factors that contribute to these findings should be the focus of future studies.
在以往关于绝经后女性静息代谢率（RMR）、运动效果与种族之间关系的研究中，已有模棱两可的结果报道。本研究的目的是：（1）确定运动训练对绝经后女性RMR的影响；（2）确定这种影响在不同种族之间是否存在差异。我们分析了24名非裔美国（AA）女性（年龄56.3±5.0岁）和23名白种（CA）女性（年龄58.6±6.1岁）的数据。过夜禁食后，通过间接测热法测量RMR。受试者完成了最大运动测试，并进行了代谢测量、腰臀比测量和身体成分测量。在所有测试完成后，将每位受试者随机分配到运动训练组或对照组。有氧运动每周进行3至4天，持续6个月。强度设定为最大心率的70%至85%，每次运动45至60分钟。AA组和CA组的运动组体重（千克）、体脂百分比和体重指数（BMI）均显著下降（P<0.05），有氧能力增加，而对照组则无变化。不存在种族效应。测量的RMR值显示，AA组女性显著低于CA组女性（P<0.05）。AA组女性（包括对照组和运动组）的RMR（千焦）随时间下降（P<0.05），而CA组女性的RMR没有变化。对BMI或瘦体重和脂肪量的变化进行RMR调整后，这些结果并未改变。总之，这项为期6个月的耐力训练计划对这些绝经后女性的RMR没有影响，因为CA组女性的RMR没有变化，但两组AA组女性的RMR均随时间显著下降。导致这些结果的因素应成为未来研究的重点。
