Häkkinen Arja, Holopainen Elina, Kautiainen Hannu, Sillanpää Elina, Häkkinen Keijo
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Acta Paediatr. 2006 Oct;95(10):1277-83. doi: 10.1080/08035250600573144.
To compare the neuromuscular function and balance of blind prepuberty- and puberty-aged boys to those with normal sight.
Thirty-three prepubertal (aged 9-13 y) and pubertal (aged 15-18 y) blind and sighted boys were tested for muscle mass thickness, electromyography and maximal isometric strength, dynamic explosive actions, and balance.
There was no difference in the muscle mass thickness, maximal strength or vertical jump between the blind and sighted boys. However, fitness-ball throwing and five-jump distances were significantly shorter in both blind groups compared to the sighted groups. One-leg stance of the prepuberty-aged sighted boys was 109 (67) s and in blind boys 32 (12) s, and in the puberty-aged boys 120 (57) s and 31 (8) s, respectively. When vision was blocked in the sighted boys, differences between the blind and sighted boys disappeared.
The results showed comparable performance between prepubertal and pubertal blind and sighted boys in the static physical fitness tests. However, balance and performance in dynamic multi-joint tests did not improve similarly in the blind groups compared to sighted groups, indicating that maturation, learning and experience by themselves cannot compensate for the loss of sight.
比较青春期前和青春期盲童与视力正常男孩的神经肌肉功能和平衡能力。
对33名青春期前（9 - 13岁）和青春期（15 - 18岁）的盲童和视力正常男孩进行肌肉质量厚度、肌电图和最大等长肌力、动态爆发力动作及平衡能力测试。
盲童和视力正常男孩在肌肉质量厚度、最大力量或垂直跳跃方面没有差异。然而，与视力正常组相比，两个盲童组的健身球投掷距离和五步跳跃距离明显更短。青春期前视力正常男孩的单腿站立时间为109（67）秒，盲童为32（12）秒；青春期男孩分别为120（57）秒和31（8）秒。当视力正常男孩的视力被遮挡时，盲童和视力正常男孩之间的差异消失。
结果表明，在静态体能测试中，青春期前和青春期的盲童与视力正常男孩表现相当。然而，与视力正常组相比，盲童组在动态多关节测试中的平衡能力和表现并没有同样改善，这表明成熟、学习和经验本身并不能弥补视力丧失的影响。
