Borron Stephen W, Stonerook Michael, Reid Frances
University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA.
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006;44 Suppl 1:5-15. doi: 10.1080/15563650600811672.
The efficacy of hydroxocobalamin for acute cyanide poisoning was compared with that of saline vehicle in dogs.
Anesthetized adult beagle dogs were administered potassium cyanide (0.4 mg/kg/min, IV) until 3 min after the onset of apnea. Hydroxocobalamin (75 mg/kg [n = 19] or 150 mg/kg [n = 18], IV) or saline vehicle [n = 17] was then infused over 7.5 min while animals were ventilated with 100% oxygen, which was stopped after 15 min.
In vehicle-treated animals cyanide produced deterioration that culminated in a moribund state requiring euthanasia within 4 h in 10 of 17 animals and in neurological deficits necessitating euthanasia within 2-4 d in an additional 4 animals (mortality rate 82%). Survival through 14 d was observed in 15 of 19 animals administered hydroxocobalamin 75 mg/kg (mortality rate 21%), and 18 of 18 administered hydroxocobalamin 150 mg/kg (mortality rate 0%).
Hydroxocobalamin reversed cyanide toxicity and reduced mortality in a canine model.
在犬类中比较了羟钴胺素对急性氰化物中毒的疗效与生理盐水载体的疗效。
对成年麻醉比格犬静脉注射氰化钾（0.4毫克/千克/分钟），直至呼吸暂停开始后3分钟。然后在动物用100%氧气通气的同时，在7.5分钟内静脉输注羟钴胺素（75毫克/千克[n = 19]或150毫克/千克[n = 18]）或生理盐水载体[n = 17]，15分钟后停止通气。
在接受载体治疗的动物中，氰化物导致病情恶化，最终17只动物中有10只在4小时内进入濒死状态需要实施安乐死，另外4只动物在2 - 4天内出现神经功能缺损需要实施安乐死（死亡率82%）。接受75毫克/千克羟钴胺素治疗的19只动物中有15只存活至14天（死亡率21%），接受150毫克/千克羟钴胺素治疗的18只动物全部存活（死亡率0%）。
在犬类模型中，羟钴胺素可逆转氰化物毒性并降低死亡率。
