Abbott Stephen, Renfrew Mary J, McFadden Alison
Public Health and Primary Care Unit, St Bartholomew School of Nursing and Midwifery, City University Institute of Health Sciences, 20, Bartholomew Close, London, UK.
Matern Child Nutr. 2006 Oct;2(4):232-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2006.00069.x.
This study explored 'informal' learning opportunities in three health economies, both for National Health Service (NHS) staff and lay people wishing to promote and support breastfeeding and for new mothers wishing to breastfeed. The word 'informal' indicates local learning opportunities that are not part of recognized academic or professional training courses. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 31 key informants, including health visitors, midwives, infant feeding advisers, Sure Start personnel, voluntary organization representatives, Strategic Health Authority representatives, senior nurses and trainers. The results were analysed thematically. In each site, there were regular training events for NHS staff to acquire or update knowledge and skills. Training was provided by a small number of enthusiasts. Midwives and health visitors were the groups who attend most frequently, although many find it difficult to make time. Although many training events were multidisciplinary, few doctors appeared to attend. Individual staff also used additional learning opportunities, e.g. other courses, conferences, web-based learning, and training by voluntary organizations. Services offered to lay people by the NHS, Sure Start and voluntary organizations included parentcraft, antenatal and post-natal classes, breastfeeding support groups, 'baby cafés' and telephone counselling. Interviewees' organizations did not have a specific breastfeeding strategy, although action groups were trying to take the agenda forward. Local opportunities were over-dependent on individual champions working in relative isolation, and support is needed from local health economies for the facilitation of coordination and networking.
本研究探讨了三个卫生经济区的“非正式”学习机会，这些机会面向希望推广和支持母乳喂养的国民保健服务（NHS）工作人员、外行人以及希望进行母乳喂养的新妈妈。“非正式”一词指的是不属于公认学术或专业培训课程一部分的本地学习机会。我们对31名关键信息提供者进行了半结构化电话访谈，这些人包括健康访视员、助产士、婴儿喂养顾问、确保开端计划工作人员、志愿组织代表、战略卫生管理局代表、高级护士和培训师。对结果进行了主题分析。在每个地区，都有定期为NHS工作人员举办的培训活动，以获取或更新知识与技能。培训由少数热心人士提供。助产士和健康访视员是参加培训最频繁的群体，尽管许多人觉得很难抽出时间。虽然许多培训活动是多学科的，但似乎很少有医生参加。个别工作人员也利用了其他学习机会，例如其他课程、会议、网络学习以及志愿组织提供的培训。NHS、确保开端计划和志愿组织向外行人提供的服务包括育儿技能培训、产前和产后课程、母乳喂养支持小组、“婴儿咖啡馆”和电话咨询。受访者所在的组织没有具体的母乳喂养策略，尽管行动小组正试图推动相关议程。当地的机会过度依赖相对孤立工作的个人倡导者，当地卫生经济区需要提供支持以促进协调和建立联系。
