Voslárová Eva, Rubesová Lenka, Vecerek Vladimír, Pisteková Vladimíra, Malena Milan
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2006 Sep-Oct;119(9-10):386-90.
Failure to comply with animal welfare requirements during the transport of turkeys to the slaughterhouse increases stress in animals, which is manifested by increased mortality rate during transport. The numbers of turkeys that died during transport or soon after arrival may serve as an important parameter to indicate the level of animal welfare during transport of turkeys. The number of turkeys that died during transport to slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic in the period from 1997 to 2004 was investigated. The mortality rate found was 0.28% +/- 0.06% but varied with travel distance. The lowest mortality rate was found in case of travel distance below 50 km (0.18% +/- 0.08%) while long travel distances resulted in considerable increase in the mortality rates of turkeys (between 0.28% +/- 0.07 and 0.37% +/- 0.10%). The mortality rate of transported turkeys was also affected by the particular month of the year. Thus, the highest overall mortality rate occurred at long travel distances during winter months, i.e. in December (0.34% +/- 0.18%), January (0.32% +/- 0.06%), and February (0.36% +/- 0.07%). The comparison of individual years has shown a long-term trend towards a decrease in turkeys' mortality during transportation to slaughterhouses from 0.32% in 1998 to 0.20% in 2004. The decrease was statistically significant (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r = -0.86, p < 0.01). This trend can be evaluated as positive.
在将火鸡运输到屠宰场的过程中，若不遵守动物福利要求，会增加动物的应激反应，这表现为运输过程中死亡率上升。运输途中或抵达后不久死亡的火鸡数量，可作为衡量火鸡运输过程中动物福利水平的一个重要参数。对1997年至2004年期间捷克共和国运输至屠宰场途中死亡的火鸡数量进行了调查。发现死亡率为0.28%±0.06%，但随运输距离而变化。运输距离低于50公里时死亡率最低（0.18%±0.08%），而长途运输会导致火鸡死亡率大幅上升（在0.28%±0.07%至0.37%±0.10%之间）。运输火鸡的死亡率还受一年中的具体月份影响。因此，总体死亡率最高的情况出现在冬季长途运输时，即12月（0.34%±0.18%）、1月（0.32%±0.06%）和2月（0.36%±0.07%）。各年份的比较显示出一种长期趋势，即火鸡运输至屠宰场期间的死亡率从1998年的0.32%降至2004年的0.20%。这种下降具有统计学意义（斯皮尔曼等级相关系数r = -0.86，p < 0.01）。这一趋势可被视为积极趋势。
