Wichmann Thomas, Delong Mahlon R
Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
Neuron. 2006 Oct 5;52(1):197-204. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2006.09.022.
In the 1960s, ablative stereotactic surgery was employed for a variety of movement disorders and psychiatric conditions. Although largely abandoned in the 1970s because of highly effective drugs, such as levodopa for Parkinson's disease (PD), and a reaction against psychosurgery, the field has undergone a virtual renaissance, guided by a better understanding of brain circuitry and the circuit abnormalities underlying movement disorders such as PD and neuropsychiatric conditions, such as obsessive compulsive disorder. High-frequency electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) of specific targets, introduced in the early 1990s for tremor, has gained widespread acceptance because of its less invasive, reversible, and adjustable features and is now utilized for an increasing number of brain disorders. This review summarizes the rationale behind DBS and the use of this technique for a variety of movement disorders and neuropsychiatric diseases.
在20世纪60年代，毁损性立体定向手术被用于治疗各种运动障碍和精神疾病。尽管在20世纪70年代，由于出现了高效药物，如用于治疗帕金森病（PD）的左旋多巴，以及对精神外科手术的抵制，该领域在很大程度上被放弃了，但在对脑回路以及诸如帕金森病等运动障碍和强迫症等神经精神疾病所潜在的回路异常有了更好理解的引导下，该领域实际上经历了一次复兴。20世纪90年代初引入的针对震颤的特定靶点高频电深部脑刺激（DBS），因其侵入性较小、可逆且可调节的特点而得到广泛认可，目前正被用于越来越多的脑部疾病。这篇综述总结了DBS背后的基本原理以及该技术在各种运动障碍和神经精神疾病中的应用。
