Spies Christian, Trohman Richard G
Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
Ann Intern Med. 2006 Oct 3;145(7):531-7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-145-7-200610030-00011.
The authors reviewed the mechanisms and pathophysiology of typically encountered electrical injuries by searching English-language publications listed in MEDLINE and reference lists from identified articles. They included relevant retrospective studies, case reports, and review articles published between 1966 and 2005. The authors also searched the Internet for information related to electrocution and life-threatening electrical injuries. They found that familiarity with basic principles of physics elucidates the typical injuries sustained by patients who experience electrical shock. Death due to electrocution occurs frequently. However, patients successfully resuscitated after cardiopulmonary arrest often have a favorable prognosis. Approximately 3000 patients who survive electrical shock are admitted to specialized burn units annually. Patients with serious electrical burns admitted to the intensive care unit are trauma patients and should be treated accordingly. Initial prediction of outcome for patients who have experienced electrical shock is difficult, as the full degree of injury is often not apparent.
作者通过检索MEDLINE中列出的英文出版物以及已识别文章的参考文献列表，回顾了常见电击伤的机制和病理生理学。他们纳入了1966年至2005年间发表的相关回顾性研究、病例报告和综述文章。作者还在互联网上搜索了与触电和危及生命的电击伤相关的信息。他们发现，熟悉物理基本原理有助于阐明电击患者所遭受的典型损伤。触电导致的死亡很常见。然而，心肺骤停后成功复苏的患者通常预后良好。每年约有3000名电击幸存者被收治到专门的烧伤病房。入住重症监护病房的严重电烧伤患者属于创伤患者，应相应进行治疗。由于损伤的全部程度往往并不明显，因此很难对电击患者的预后进行初步预测。
