Hanson Laura N, Engelman Heather M, Alekel D Lee, Schalinske Kevin L, Kohut Marian L, Reddy Manju B
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Oct;84(4):774-80. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/84.4.774.
Soy protein or its components may protect against the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors total homocysteine (tHcy), C-reactive protein (CRP), and excess body iron, which generally increase with menopause.
The primary objective of this study was to determine the independent effect of the soy protein components isoflavones and phytate on CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women. The secondary objective was to identify factors [blood lipids, oxidative stress indexes, serum ferritin, plasma folate, plasma vitamin B-12, and body mass index (BMI)] contributing to tHcy and CRP concentrations.
In a double-blind, 6-wk study, 55 postmenopausal women aged 47-72 y were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 soy protein (40 g/d) isolate treatments: native phytate and native isoflavone (n = 14), native phytate and low isoflavone (n = 13), low phytate and native isoflavone (n = 14), or low phytate and low isoflavone (n = 14). We measured iron indexes, tHcy, CRP, and BMI.
Soy protein with native phytate significantly reduced tHcy (P = 0.017), transferrin saturation (P = 0.027), and ferritin (P = 0.029), whereas soy protein with native isoflavones had no effect on any variables. At baseline, BMI was highly correlated with tHcy (r = 0.39, P = 0.003) and CRP (r = 0.55, P < 0.0001), whereas HDL cholesterol was correlated with CRP (r = -0.30, P = 0.02). Multiple regression analysis showed that LDL cholesterol and BMI contributed significantly (R2= 19.9%, P = 0.003) to the overall variance in tHcy.
Consuming phytate-rich foods and maintaining a healthy weight may reduce atherosclerotic CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women.
大豆蛋白或其成分可能有助于预防动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（CVD）的危险因素，即总同型半胱氨酸（tHcy）、C反应蛋白（CRP）和体内铁过量，这些危险因素通常会随着绝经而增加。
本研究的主要目的是确定大豆蛋白成分异黄酮和植酸盐对绝经后女性心血管疾病危险因素的独立影响。次要目的是确定影响tHcy和CRP浓度的因素（血脂、氧化应激指标、血清铁蛋白、血浆叶酸、血浆维生素B-12和体重指数（BMI））。
在一项为期6周的双盲研究中，将55名年龄在47至72岁之间的绝经后女性随机分配到4种大豆蛋白（40克/天）分离物处理组中的1组：天然植酸盐和天然异黄酮（n = 14）、天然植酸盐和低异黄酮（n = 13）、低植酸盐和天然异黄酮（n = 14）或低植酸盐和低异黄酮（n = 14）。我们测量了铁指标、tHcy、CRP和BMI。
含有天然植酸盐的大豆蛋白显著降低了tHcy（P = 0.017）、转铁蛋白饱和度（P = 0.027）和铁蛋白（P = 0.029），而含有天然异黄酮的大豆蛋白对任何变量均无影响。在基线时，BMI与tHcy（r = 0.39，P = 0.003）和CRP（r = 0.55，P < 0.0001）高度相关，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与CRP相关（r = -0.30，P = 0.02）。多元回归分析表明，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和BMI对tHcy的总体方差有显著贡献（R2 = 19.9%，P = 0.003）。
食用富含植酸盐的食物并保持健康体重可能会降低绝经后女性动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的危险因素。
